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. 2021 Sep 10;118(37):e2109282118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2109282118

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Fig. 1. — Mental health deterioration in the COVID-19 period, in total and among individuals with different personality traits. The changes in GHQ-12 represent mental health deterioration between the pre-COVID wave and each wave during the COVID-19 period. The black line in Upper Left panel represents the overall average, while the other panels report the averages among subjects with the top (red lines) and bottom (blue lines) 25% score in each personality trait. GHQ-12 index is the number of symptoms—up to 12—indicating some form of mental disorders. *P < 0.1; **P < 0.05 (statistical significance of the difference between the two lines).