MEKK3 and Klf2 suppress Smad2/3 at high FSS. (A) HUVECs transfected with control (Ctrl) or MEKK3 siRNA were subjected to FSS at the indicated magnitude for 12 h. Cells were fixed and stained for Smad2/3. Panels show representative images, which are quantified in B. Values are means ± SEM. (C) HUVECs were transfected with Ctrl or KLF2 siRNA, subjected to FSS, then fixed and stained for Smad2/3, as in A. (D) Results from C were quantified as in B. (Scale bar, 50 µm.) n = 100 to 150 cells for each group from three independent experiments. ***P < 0.001 and ns: not significant, calculated by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.