Table 1.

List of 33 dementia markers

Group	Compound	Peak abundance	Ratio dementia/HE	RBC-enriched	Trimethylated compound	Refs.
A	Indoxyl-sulfate	M	1.93 ↑
	Quinolinic acid	L	1.79 ↑			(18)
	Kynurenine	M-L	1.12 ↑
	N6-acetyl-lysine	L	1.47 ↑
	Pseudouridine	M-L	1.19 ↑
	Dimethyl-guanosine	L	1.45 ↑
	Adenosine	L	1.51 ↑			(19)
B	ET	H-M	0.41 ↓	●	○	(17)
	S-methyl-ET	M-L	0.20 ↓	●	○
	Trimethyl-histidine	L	0.37 ↓	●	○
	Trimethyl-tryptophan	H-L	0.10 ↓	●	○
	Trimethyl-tyrosine	M-L	0.08 ↓	●	○
	Trimethyl-phenylalanine	M-L	0.23 ↓	●	○
C	ATP	H	0.83 ↓	●
	SAM	L	0.35 ↓	●		(21)
	NADP+	L	0.70 ↓	●
	GSSG	H	0.82 ↓	●		(23)
	Pantothenate	M-L	0.57 ↓	●
	Gluconate	M	0.85 ↓	●
D	Betaine	H	0.85 ↓		○
	Glycerophosphocholine	H-M	0.66 ↓		○
	Dodecanoyl-carnitine	L	0.15 ↓		○	(24)
	Phenylalanine	H	0.73 ↓			(19, 26)
	Tyrosine	H-M	0.75 ↓			(19)
	Tryptophan	H-M	0.80 ↓			(18, 19)
	Glutamine	H	0.84 ↓			(19, 25)
	Histidine	M	0.80 ↓			(19, 25)
	Methionine	H-M	0.80 ↓
	Keto(iso)leucine	M-L	0.77 ↓
	2-Hydroxybutyrate	M-L	0.79 ↓
	Uridine	L	0.72 ↓			(27)
E	Caffeine	H-L	0.09 ↓			(28)
	Dimethyl-xanthine	H-L	0.04 ↓

Thirty-three compounds showed significant differences in abundance between dementia patients and HE subjects. Abundances of compounds (peak areas) are displayed. The peak ratio was calculated using the median of peak abundance in dementia and HE subjects, respectively. Twelve RBC-enriched compounds and nine trimethylated compounds are shown with closed and open circles, respectively. The references for dementia markers previously reported are listed.