Table 2.
Clinical outcomes according to VHD status
| Study Outcomes | Significant VHD (n = 575) |
No/mild VHD (n = 408) |
Unadjusted | Adjustedc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Incidence rate1 (per 100 pt-yrs) | n | Incidence ratea (per 100 pt-yrs) |
HR (95% CI)b | p valued | HR (95% CI)b | p valued | |
| All-cause death | 277 | 21.6 | 79 | 6.5 | 3.24 (2.52–4.16) | < 0.001 | 1.55 (1.17–2.06) | 0.02 |
| Cardiovascular death | 208 | 16.0 | 49 | 4.0 | 3.87 (2.83–5.29) | < 0.001 | 1.70 (1.09–2.66) | 0.02 |
| Stroke/systemic embolic event | 25 | 2.1 | 14 | 1.2 | 1.77 (0.92–3.43) | 0.089 | 1.80 (0.83–3.91) | 0.136 |
| Major bleeding | 22 | 1.9 | 22 | 2.0 | 0.88 (0.49–1.59) | 0.669 | 0.60 (0.29–1.24) | 0.167 |
| HF hospitalization | 58 | 5.8 | 17 | 1.8 | 4.08 (2.37–7.04) | < 0.001 | 2.53 (1.35–4.73) | 0.004 |
| Any hospitalization | 202 | 20.3 | 155 | 16.9 | 1.48 (1.20–1.84) | < 0.001 | 1.18 (0.92–1.52) | 0.202 |
| Net clinical outcomes | ||||||||
| Cardiovascular death or stroke/SEE or major bleeding | 239 | 22.9 | 81 | 8.8 | 2.72 (2.11–3.51) | < 0.001 | 1.30 (0.97–1.74) | 0.079 |
| Cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization | 249 | 24.5 | 62 | 6.7 | 3.67 (2.78–4.85) | < 0.001 | 1.74 (1.19–2.55) | 0.005 |
| Cardiovascular death or Any hospitalization | 369 | 36.6 | 192 | 20.9 | 1.76 (1.48–2.09) | < 0.001 | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) | 0.077 |
| All-cause death or HF hospitalization | 316 | 31.3 | 92 | 9.9 | 3.17 (2.51–4.01) | < 0.001 | 1.61 (1.24–2.08) | < 0.001 |
aIncidence rates are expressed per 100 patient-years. bHazard ratios and 95% CI are presented using a Cox proportional hazards regression. cAdjusted hazard ratio indicates adjustment for variables that were individually associated with each outcome, including age, gender, body mass index, AF pattern, duration of AF, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, prior myocardial infarction, prior stroke, prior major bleeding, estimated glomerular filtration rate, LVEF, LAVi, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, high-sensitive cardiac troponin T, type of oral anticoagulation and rate or rhythm control strategy. dValues in bold indicate statistical significance (p < 0.05)
VHD valvular heart disease, SEE systemic embolic event, HF heart failure, CI confidence interval