Table 2.
Detailed investigational results of lesional group
| Patient No. | Age of epilepsy onset (years) | Age at investigation (years) | Time to presurgical evaluation (years) | Seizure type(s) and frequency | Localisation of epileptic focus according to clinical semiology and EEG findings | Neurocognitive deficit | Speech center lateralization defined by functional MRI | 3 T MRI finding before the study | MRI findings in hybrid PET-MRI | FDG-PET/CT made before of our study (hypoMb) | FDG-PET findings in hybrid PET-MRI (hypoMb) | Additional information provided by PET comparing to MRI A, B, C, D, E, F, G | MR status change nn, np, nc, pp, pp+ | Clinical decision according to PETMRI results | Outcome of iEEG and/or resective surgery outcome performed after our study | Time to resective surgery (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 31. | 16 | 38 | 22 | Hypermotor, 15/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R temporal L frontal L temporal | Left hemisphere. | Left | L cingular FCD or PMG | L cingular PMG | Not performed | R temporal L frontomedial | F | pp | 2 - resective surgery is avalaible instead of iEEG | Resective surgery was performed in Oct. 2018, Engel II. | 23 |
| 32. | 18 | 28 | 10 | Complex partial, 30/month, 1 GM/year | L temporal L insular | None. | N/A | L HS | L HS | Not performed | L temporal | G | pp | 2 - resective surgery is avalaible instead of iEEG | Resective surgery was not yet performed | N/A |
| 33. | 7 | 40 | 33 | Complex partial, 8/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R temporal R insular L frontal L temporal L insular | Bilateral. | Left | L and right insular FCD | L and right insular FCD | Not performed | R temporal R frontolateral R insular L temporal | F | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG and resective surgery was performed in 2016, Engel II. | 33 |
| 34. | 10 | 38 | 28 | Complex partial, 3/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R temporal L frontal L temporal | Bilateral. | N/A | L cingular FCD susp. | nonlesional | Not performed | R hemispherial | A | nc | 5 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of resective surgery | N/A | N/A |
| 35. | 3 | 29 | 26 | Hypermotor, 45/month, no GM | R frontal R temporal | Bilateral. | Left | R frontolateral FCD | R sulcus frontalis superior FCD | Not performed | R frontomedial R temporal L temporal | F | pp | 6 - remained as candidate for resective surgery | Resective surgery was performed in Jun. 2018., Engel I. | 27 |
| 36. | 21 | 48 | 27 | Complex partial, 4/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R temporal L temporal | None. | N/A | L temporal FCD, susp. | R frontopolar heterotopia | Not performed | R frontomedial R temporal L temporal | F | pp+ | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 37. | 13 | 27 | 14 | Complex partial, 10/month, no GM | R frontal R temporal L temporal | None. | Left | L frontolateral heterotopia, susp. | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporooccipital L temporooccipital | F | nc | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
| 38. | 11 | 22 | 11 | Complex partial, 8/month, 1 GM/month | L frontal L insular L parietal | Bilateral. | N/A | L insular ischaemia | L HS L insular ischaemia | Not performed | L temporoinsular | C | pp+ | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 39. | 17 | 38 | 21 | Hypermotor, 4/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R insular | None. | N/A | R frontolateral FCD | R frontolateral FCD, bilateral occipital heterotopia | Not performed | R frontal | C | pp+ | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 40. | 3 | 34 | 31 | Complex partial, 20/month, 1 GM/month | L frontal L insular | Left hemisphere. | Left | L HS | L HS | Negatíve | L temporoinsular | C | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG (2018.) and resective surgery was performed in 2020., Engel II. | 34 |
| 41. | 38 | 41 | 3 | Complex partial, 30/month, no GM | L temporal | None. | N/A | L temporal pole FCD | L temporal pole FCD | Not performed | R temporal L temporal | F | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 42. | 4 | 33 | 29 | Hypermotor, 1–2/month, no GM | L frontal L insular | Left hemisphere. | Left | L precentral-opercular FCD | L precentral-opercular FCD | Not performed | L frontolateral L insular | D | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG (2017.) and resective surgery was performed in 2017., Engel I. | 30 |
| 43. | 13 | 48 | 35 | Complex partial, 6/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R temporal L temporal | None. | N/A | L collateral sulcus FCD | Bilateral collateral sulcus FCD | Not performed | R frontal R temporal R parietal L frontal L temporal L parietal | F | pp+ | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
| 44. | 25 | 39 | 14 | Complex partial, 4/month, no GM | L temporal | None. | Left | L parahippocampal gyrus FCD | L parahippocampal gyrus FCD | Not performed | L temporal | C | pp | 6 - remained as candidate for resective surgery | Resective surgery was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 45. | 14 | 25 | 11 | Complex partial, 1–2/month, 1–3 GM/year | L temporal | Left hemisphere. | Left | L temporopolar FCD | L temporopolar FCD | Not performed | L temporal | C | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG (2017.) and resective surgery was performed in 2017., Engel I. | 11 |
| 46. | 19 | 21 | 2 | Complex partial, 2/month, 1 GM/year | L temporal L frontal | Left hemisphere. | N/A | L fusiform gyrus FCD | L fusiform gyrus FCD | Not performed | L temporooccipital | D | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 47. | 32 | 49 | 17 | Complex partial, 5/month, 1 GM/year | R temporal L temporal | Left hemisphere. | Left | L amygdalar FCD | L amygdalar FCD | Not performed | L temporal | C | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 48. | 19 | 26 | 7 | Hypermotor, 2/month, 1 GM/month | R frontal | None. | Left | L hippocampal oedema | nonlesional | Not performed | R frontolateral R temporal R insular | A | nc | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 49. | 2 | 23 | 21 | Complex partial, 2/month, no GM | R frontal R temporal R parietal | None. | Left | R temporal pole FCD | R temporal pole FCD | Not performed | R temporal L temporal | F | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 50. | 3 | 30 | 27 | Complex partial, 4/month, 1 GM/month | L temporal L frontal | Bilateral. | Left | L mesiobasotemporal FCD | L cingular FCD, L temporal FCD | Left temporal | L frontomedial L temporal | C | pp+ | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was performed in 2016, patient did not concede to perform neither resective surgery nor neuromodulation. | 27 |
| 51. | 19 | 38 | 19 | Complex partial, 5/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal R temporal R parietal L frontal L temporal L parietal | Left hemisphere. | N/A | L HS | L HS L posterior cingulate FCD | Not performed | R temporal L temporoparietal | F | pp+ | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 52. | 14 | 44 | 30 | Complex partial, 3/month, 1 GM/month | R frontal R temporal | Bilateral. | Left | R HS | R HS | Not performed | R temporal | C | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |
| 53. | 14 | 24 | 10 | Complex partial, 4/month, no GM | L frontal L temporal | None. | N/A | L hippocampal oedema | nonlesional | Not performed | R temporal L temporoparietal | B | nc | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
| 54. | 19 | 27 | 8 | Complex partial, 8/month, 2 GM/month | L temporal | Left hemisphere. | Left | R collateral sulcus FCD | R collateral sulcus FCD | Not performed | L temporal | E | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG (Febr. 2017.) and resective surgery was performed in Jun. 2017., Engel I. | 9 |
| 55. | 20 | 32 | 12 | Complex partial, 8/month, no GM | R frontal R temporal L temporal | None. | N/A | R HS | R HS | Not performed | L hemispherial | E | pp+ | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
| 56. | 18 | 29 | 11 | Complex partial, 4/month, no GM | L temporooccipital L parietal | Bilateral. | Left | L HS | L parietotemporal PMG, heterotopia | Not performed | R temporoinsular L temporal | F | pp+ | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
| 57. | 8 | 36 | 28 | Complex partial, 7/month, 1 GM/year | R frontal L temporal | Bilateral. | Left | L HS | L HS | Not performed | R temporal | E | pp | 3 - considered as not eligible for any further invasive procedures instead of iEEG | N/A | N/A |
| 58. | 6 | 20 | 14 | Complex partial, 4/month, no GM | R frontal R temporoinsular | Bilateral. | Left | R temporal FCD | R HS, R uncus FCD | Not performed | R temporal R parietal | C | pp+ | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG (2017) and resective surgery was performed in 2017, Engel II. | 14 |
| 59. | 21 | 57 | 36 | Hypermotor, 8/month, no GM | R frontal R temporal | Right hemisphere. | Right | R frontolateral nodular heterotopia | R frontolateral nodular heterotopia | Not performed | R frontolateral hyperM | C | pp | 2 - resective surgery is avalaible instead of iEEG | Resective surgery was performed in Nov. 2016, Engel II. | 36 |
| 60. | 18 | 32 | 14 | Complex partial, 1/month, no GM | R parietal R insular L temporal L parietal L insular | None. | N/A | L HS | L HS | Not performed | L frontal L temporal | D | pp | 1 - remained as iEEG candidate | iEEG was not yet performed. | N/A |