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. 2021 Sep 18;61(2):1564–1584. doi: 10.1007/s10943-021-01408-1

Table 4.

Logistic regression of GDS-15, OARS’s IADL, and MoCA score between different sociodemographic background

Sociodemographic status GDS-15 OARS’s IADL MoCA
OR P-value, 95% CI OR P-value, 95% CI OR P-value,
95% CI
Socioeconomic status

Low income (N = 108)

Medium to high income (N = 324)

1.344

0.249,

0.813, 2.222

3.023

0.000**,

1.715, 5.329

2.729

0.000**,

1.560, 4.775

Physical activity status

Not exercise (N = 141)

Exercise (N = 291)

1.960

0.004*,

1.236, 3.109

2.335

0.003*,

1.346, 4.049

1.761

0.016*,

1.114, 2.786

Level of education

Refuse tertiary education (N = 351)

Does not refuse tertiary education (N = 81)

2.753

0.008*,

1.301, 5.824

2.304

0.095,

0.866, 6.127

3.418

0.000**,

2.019, 5.785

GDS-15 Geriatric Depression Scale 15; OARS’s IADL Older Americans Resources and Services Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, OR, odds ratio, CI, confidence interval

*P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.001