Table 3.
Baseline Clinical Characteristics of Survivors and Non-Survivors of S-AKI Patients
| Variables | Survivors | Non-Survivors | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | 8712(45.0) | 10,647(55.0)* | ||
| Age median [IQR] | 76(60–84) | 79(68–85) | <0.001 | |
| Age stratification(years) | 18–39 | 575(6.6) | 358(3.4) | <0.001 |
| 40–59 | 1487(17.1) | 1134(10.7) | ||
| 60–79 | 3212(36.9) | 3983(37.4) | ||
| ≥80 | 3438(39.5) | 5172(48.6) | ||
| Gender | Female | 3182(36.5) | 4029(37.8) | 0.06 |
| Male | 5530(63.5) | 6618(62.2) | ||
| Classification of insurance | BMI | 3929(45.1) | 6818(64) | <0.001 |
| RCMTI | 958(11) | 483(4.5) | ||
| GMP | 1890(21.7) | 1415(13.3) | ||
| OPP | 622(7.1) | 639(6) | ||
| Others | 1313(15.1) | 1292(12.1) | ||
| Hospital level | Tertiary hospitals | 7953(91.3) | 9370(88) | <0.001 |
| Second-class hospital | 759(8.7) | 1277(12) | ||
| Hospital nature | Western Medicine hospital | 8200(94.1) | 9603(90.2) | 0.59 |
| Hospital of TCM | 512(5.9) | 1044(9.8) | ||
| Time interval(year) | 2005–2011 | 450(5.2) | 798(7.5) | <0.001 |
| 2012–2017 | 8262(94.8) | 9849(92.5) | ||
| Comorbidities(n) | Diabetes | 3475(39.9) | 3513(33) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 4785(54.9) | 5394(50.7) | <0.001 | |
| CKD stage 2 and 3 | 1134(13) | 1804(16.9) | <0.001 | |
| Malignancy | 1288(14.8) | 2430(22.8) | <0.001 | |
| Cirrhosis | 305(3.5) | 495(4.6) | <0.001 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2406(22.6) | 1584(18.2) | <0.001 | |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1183(13.6) | 1518(14.3) | 0.18 | |
| ICU | 3136(36) | 3589(33.7) | <0.001 | |
| Types of shock | No shock | 7179(82.4) | 7400(69.5) | <0.001 |
| Septic shock | 1032(11.8) | 2178(20.5) | <0.001 | |
| Hypovolemic shock | 380(4.4) | 607(5.7) | <0.001 | |
| Cardiac shock | 190(2.2) | 745(7) | <0.001 | |
| Two or more kinds of shock | 67(0.8) | 273(2.6) | <0.001 | |
| Types of infection | Pneumonia | 6508(74.7) | 8527(80.1) | <0.001 |
| Urinary infection | 898(10.3) | 576(5.4) | <0.001 | |
| Intra-abdominal infection | 794(9.1) | 967(9.1) | 0.94 | |
| CRBSI | 275(3.2) | 377(3.5) | 0.14 | |
| CNS infection | 20(0.2) | 27(0.3) | 0.74 | |
| Others | 1568(18) | 1580(14.8) | <0.001 | |
| Types of organ function damage | Respiratory insufficiency | 4571(52.5) | 7135(67) | <0.001 |
| Acute liver injury | 1780(20.4) | 2199(20.7) | 0.7 | |
| DIC | 205(2.4) | 473(4.4) | <0.001 | |
| Metabolic encephalopathy | 112(1.3) | 126(1.2) | 0.52 | |
| Expenses (Yuan) | Total expense | 58,362.5(29,533.66–114,864.4) | 62,520.49(27,564.02–130,377.97) | 0.02 |
| Average daily expense | 4673.41(2681.64–7898.79) | 5823.35(3670.61–9187.57) | <0.001 | |
| Western medicine expense | 13,422.67(5867.98–28,107.39) | 14,098.64(5414.67–32,046.23) | 0.01 | |
| Chinese medicine expense | 142.69(0–1087.74) | 68.98(0–693.93) | <0.001 | |
| Outcome | Length of hospital stay (day) | 14(7–24) | 12(4–22) | <0.001 |
Notes: *220 missing values because of lacking of outcome indicators. Values are expressed as the median (interquartile range and N (%)).
Abbreviations: BMI, basic medical insurance; RCMTI, rural cooperative medical treatment insurance; GMP, governmental medical payment; OPP, out-of-pocket payments; ER, emergency room; CRBSI, Catheter Related Blood Stream Infection; CNS, central nervous system; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.