Fig. 3.

Utilizing kernels to manipulate images. Kernels are the essence of convolutional neural networks. These are predefined matrices customized for specific tasks such as sharpening and blurring images. In convolutional neural networks, the idea is to learn multiple kernels and utilize them to extract informative features from the input images (images were created using https://github.com/generic-github-user/Image-Convolution-Playground)