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. 2021 Sep 18;8:12. doi: 10.1186/s40348-021-00123-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Secondary diseases caused by high FGF23 in CKD. Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) show enhanced synthesis of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 in the bone leading to increased FGF23 in the circulation. High FGF23 in CKD promotes CKD progression, left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular alterations, and cognitive impairment. Whether or not FGF23 contributes to mineralization defects in CKD is still unclear. Created with BioRender.com