Table 5.

COPE definition

Predictor	Minimum	Maximum
Age (years)	0	100
RR (/min)	10	60
CRP (mg/L)	1	500
LDH (U/L)	50	4000
Albumin (g/L)	10	60
Urea (mmol/L)	1	80
lp=−13.6 +
0.04575×age +  1.654×log (RR) +  0.1688×log (CRP) +  1.197×log (LDH) +  −1.585×log (albumin) +  0.5953×log (urea)
Probability of death within 28 days=1/(1+exp(-lp))
Probability of ICU admission within 28 days=1/(1+exp(-(−0.08949+0.5970 × lp)))

Implemented in web application https://mdmerasmusmc.shinyapps.io/COPE/ and mobile application ‘COPE Decision Support’.

COPE, COVID-19 outcome prediction in the emergency department; CRP, C reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; LDH, lactic dehydrogenase; RR, respiratory rate.