Table 2.
Changing During Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aging of GAG and Proteoglycans Commonly Found in Skin
| Skin Layer | Intrinsic Aging Modulation | Extrinsic Aging Modulation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| HA and related molecules | |||
| HA | Epidermis | ↓,66 NC141 | ↑total skin: low mass HA,71 ↑UVB-induced at basal layer only68 |
| Dermis | ↓,66 ↓(female),68 NC141 | ↑36 | |
| HAS | Epidermis | ↓HAS2,66 ↓HAS1 ↑HAS3 mRNA total skin70 | ↓HAS1 total skin71 |
| Dermis | ↓HAS266 | ||
| CD44 | Epidermis | ↓66 | ↓Total skin71 |
| Dermis | ↓66 | ||
| RHAMM | Epidermis | ↓ Total skin mRNA70 | ↓Total skin71 |
| Dermis | |||
| Sulfated GAGs | |||
| Total Sulfated GAG | Epidermis | ↓,66 ↓(female)66 | ↑,141 ↓male only,66 NC total GAG71 |
| Dermis | ↓66 | ↑,141 ↑ Total GAG,68 NC66 | |
| CS | Epidermis | ↓(C6S)37 | |
| Dermis | NC total skin71 | ||
| DS | Epidermis | ↑37 | |
| Dermis | ↑37 | NC,68 ↑ whole skin71 | |
| KS | Epidermis | ↑37 | |
| Dermis | |||
| HS | Epidermis | ↓66 | ↓(DEJ)142 |
| Dermis | ↓66 | LE,142 NC68 | |
| Proteoglycans | |||
| Versican | Epidermis | ↓total skin holding ability of GAG & altered sulfation,23 NC mRNA,143 ↑(male)66 | |
| Dermis | ↑(SE),69,143 ↑degraded protein144 | ||
| Decorin | Epidermis | LE53 | |
| Dermis | ↓,66 ↓GAG holding ability53 | ↓ [SE]69 | |
| Biglycan | Epidermis | ↓total skin,19 ↓mRNA70 | ↓total skin19 |
| Dermis | NC aged fibroblasts145 | ↓ UV fibroblasts146 | |
| Perlecan | Epidermis | ↓(female)66 | ↑acute UV147 |
| Dermis | ↓(female)66 | ↑acute UV147 | |
| Lumican | Epidermis | ||
| Dermis | ↓aged fibroblasts145 | ||
| Syndecan | Epidermis | ↓Syndecan-1, NC Syndecan-466 | ↑Syndecan-1/4 acute UV147 |
| Dermis | ↓Syndecan-1, NC Syndecan-466 | ↑Syndecan-1/4 acute UV147 | |
Notes: ↑ denotes increase; ↓ denotes decrease; NC denotes no change; LE denotes low expression, with the corresponding reference for the data; Blank means no data; Total skin denotes epidermis and dermis not separately analyzed; SE means data obtained in solar elastosis.