FIGURE 8.

TMPyP4 suppresses the adhesion, invasion and migration of osteosarcoma (OS) cells with or without an inflammatory microenvironment. The cells were pre‐treated with 10 μmol L^–1 TMPyP4 or 5 μmol L^–1 cisplatin for 24 h and then incubated with 10 ng/mL TNF‐α for 48 h. (A) and (B) TMPyP4 decreased cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix in U2OS and SAOS‐2 cells in the presence or absence of TNF‐α, while cisplatin increased the adhesion ability of OS cells in the presence of TNF‐α. (C) and (D) TMPyP4 inhibited OS cell migration with or without TNF‐α, as determined by a transwell assay. (E) TMPyP4 inhibits U2OS and SASO‐2 cell migration in scratch‐wound healing assays. Magnification: 40×. The values are represented as the mean ± SD of at least three independent experiments. The statistical significance was calculated using the unpaired Student's two‐tailed t test (*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001)