Table 1.

Caloric restriction mimetics and frailty assessments.

CRMs	Category	Species	Onset	Dose and duration	Frailty assessment	Results
Resveratrol	SIRT1 activator	Male, C57BL/6J mice	18 months	100 mg/kg/d, 6 months	Mouse FI	Reduces FI scores (18)
		Male, SD rats	24 months	150 mg/kg/d, 6 weeks	Physical function	Improves grip strength and muscle mass (73)
SRT1720	SIRT1 activator	MaleC57BL/6J mice	7 months	100 mg/kg/dNatural death	-	Extends lifespan and improves health in mice (74)
Metformin	AMPK activator	Adults aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes	Receiving metformin in outpatient care	–	FI	Reduces risk of frailty regardless of dose and frequency (76)
Rapamycin	mTOR inhibitor	IL-10−/− mice	6 weeks	1.5 mg/kg/d, 18 weeks	Mouse FI	Decreases levels of myostatin which may prevent muscle mass loss and frailty (23)
Dasatinib and quercetin	Senolytic drugs	Male, C57BL/6J mice	20 months 24–27 months	A combination of dasatinib (5 mg/kg) and quercetin (50 mg/kg) 4 months Natural death	Physical function	Alleviates symptoms of frailty and extends healthspan (78)
Nicotinamide	NAD+ precursor	Male, C57BL/6J mice	56 weeks	0.5 and 1.0 g/kg, 62 weeks	–	Improves healthspan but does not extend lifespan (79)

AMPK, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; CRMs, caloric restriction mimetics; FI, frailty index; IL-10^−/−, interleukin-10 knockout; mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; SD, Sprague-Dawley; SIRT1, silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog 1.