Table 2.
Characteristics of the studies examined in the present review.
| Study | Design | Type of athletes | Population characteristics | Interventions | Type of exercise training | Measures index | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oliver and Brezzo (2009) | Pre-post test | Collegiate athletes (volleyball and soccer players) | Sex: F, TB: NR, EG1 = 15, Age: 19.9 ± 1.8yr., WT: 71.8 ± 8.5kg, ht.: 174.5 ± 11.9cm, BMI: NR, CG = 11, Age: 18.5 ± 0.5yr., WT: 63.3 ± 6.7kg, ht.: 166.4 ± 5.6cm, BMI: NR | Freq.: 4 times/week, time: 10 min, length: 13 weeks | Functional balance training group (EG1), control group (CG) | Body composition (WT, BF, BMI), strength (quadra-ped: left, right; single leg squat (left, right), muscular endurance (sit up), balance (biodex balance test: left, right) | Single leg squat (right, left)↑, sit up↑, BMI↔, WT↔, BF↔, quadra-ped (left, right)↔, Biodex (right, left)↔ |
| Tomljanović et al. (2011) | Pre-post test | Moderately trained athlete | Sex: M, TB≥146 months, Age: 22–25yr., EG1 = 11, WT: 78.89 ± 12.32, ht.: 179.69 ± 6.39, CG = 12, WT: 82.42 ± 12.92, ht.: 185.00 ± 10.58, BMI: NR | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: NR, Length: 5 weeks | Functional training (EG1), traditional resistance training (CG) | Agility (5-10-5 test, HEX), power (CMJ: AT, PEAKPWR, JH, GCT), strength (SMB, LMB), speed (10 m, 20 m, 10–20 m), body composition (WT, ht., BF%, BF, LBM, H2o) | HEX↑, SMB↑, JH↑, PEAKPWR↑, GCT↑, LMB↔, AT↔, 5–10–5↔, 10m↔, 20 m↔, 10–20 m↔, WT↔, ht.↔, BF%↔, BF↔, LBM↔, H2o(I)↔ |
| Sander et al. (2013) | Pre-post test | Elite youth soccer players | EG1 = 65, EG2 = 56, Sex: NR, TB≥146 months, mean age: 15.1yr., Mean ht.: 170.9, Mean WT: 62.3, BMI: NR | Freq.: NR, time: NR, Length: 8 days | Completed the NWP first and the WPS 4 days later (EG1), completed the WPS first and the NWP 4 days later (EG2) | Speed (linear sprint: 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, 20 m, 25 m, 30 m, and CDS:5 m left and right, 10m left and right) | 5 m↑, 10 m↑, 15 m↑, 20 m↑, 25 m↑, 30 m↑, 5 m left↔, 5 m right↑, 10 m left↑, 5 m right↑ |
| Elbadry (2014) | Pre-post test | Young handball players | EG1: n = 10, Sex: F, TB: 3 ± 0.7yr., Age: 13 ± 1.5yr, WT: 44 ± 2.7, ht.: 147 ± 2.95, BMI: NR; CG: n = 10, Sex: F, TB: 3 ± 0.8yr., Age: 14 ± 1.8yr, WT: 42 ± 3.4, ht.: 148 ± 3.11, BMI: NR | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 10weeks | Functional strength training group (EG1), control group (CG) | Balance (SST, dynamic balance), strength (handgrip, LS, BS) | SST↑, Dynamic balance↑, Handgrip Strength↔, LS↔, BS↑ |
| Alonso-Fernández et al. (2017) | Pre-post test | Handball players | Sex: F, TB≥ 60 months., Age: 15.2 ± 0.6yr., EG1 = 7, WT: 63.17 ± 9.44, ht.: 164 ± 5, BMI: 23.83 ± 3.46, CG = 7, WT:67.29 ± 0.03, ht.: 166 ± 9.24, BMI: 24.61 ± 3.93, | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 10 min, Length: 8 weeks | Combining strength, coordination and plyometric exercises (EG1), Control group (CG) | Body composition (WT, BMI, BF%,), VO2max), speed (RSA), power (CMJ: AT, JH, GCT, PEAKPWR) | WT↔, BMI↔, BF%↑, AT↔, JH↔, GCT↔, PEAKPWR↔, RSA↑, |
| Yildiz et al. (2019) | Pre-mid-post test | Prepubertal tennis players | EG1 = 10, EG2 = 10, CG = 8, Sex: NR, TB: 3.1 ± 1.1yr., Age: 9.6 ± 0.7yr., WT: 31.3 ± 4.1, ht.: 134.1 ± 6.8, BMI: NR | Freq.: 3 times/week, time: 65-70 min, Length: 8 weeks | Functional training group (EG1), Traditional training group (EG2), Control group (CG) | Flexibility (Sit and reach), power (CMJ), speed (10 m test), agility (T-test), balance (RDB, LDB, SB) | Sit and reach↑, CMJ↑, 10 m test↑, T-test↑, RDB↑, LDB↑, SB↑ |
| Baron et al. (2020) | Pre-post test | Young football players | EG1: n = 20, Sex: NR, TB: NR, Age: 16.8 ± 0.6 yr., WT: 66.5 ± 7.4 kg, ht.: 175.7 ± 6.4 cm, BMI: 21.5 ± 1.8 | Freq.: NR, time: 70-90 min, Length: 12 weeks | Functional training (EG1) | Speed and acceleration (0-5 m, 5– 10 m, 10–30 m, 30 m) | 0-5 m ↔, 5–10 m↑, 10–30 m↑, 30 m↑ |
| Keiner et al. (2020) | Pre-post test | Elite adolescent soccer players | EG1: n = 11, EG2: n = 11, EG3: n = 14. CG: n = 12 Sex: NR, TB: NR, Age: 17.45 ± 0.52yr, WT: 73.0 ± 7.0 kg, ht.: 1.78 ± 0.06 m, BMI: NR | Freq.: 2 times/week, time: 60 min, Length: 10 months | Traditional strength training (EG1), plyometrics and sprint training (EG2), functional training group (EG3), control group (CG) | Speed (20 m, CDS: CODSR, CODSL), power (SJ: AT, JH), strength(1RM) | 20 m↑, CDS (CODSR, CODSL)↑, SJ↑, 1RM↑ |
↑, significant within-group improvement from pretest to post-test; ↔, non-significant within-group change from pretest to post-test; WT, weight; ht, height; M, Male; yr, year; NR, not reported; Freq., frequency; CG, control group; EG, experimental group; HEX, hexagon test; 5–10–5 test, 5–10–5 meter shuttle run test; SMB, standing overarm medicine ball throw; LMB, lying medicine ball throw; SST, Static strength test; OMBT, overhead medicine ball throw; CMJ, vertical counter movement jump; AT, air time; JH, jump height; GCT: ground contact time; PEAKPWR, power peak; NWP, regular soccer warm-up; WPS, warm-up program supplemented with functional exercises; CDS, change of direction sprint; HIIT, high-intensity interval training; RSA, repeated sprint ability; BM, body mass; BF%, body fat mass percentage; BF, body fat; LBM, lean body mass; H2o(I), total body water; RDB, right dynamic balance; LDB, left dynamic balance; SB, static balance; FJ, ten-fold jump; SQ, Squat for 30s; PU, Push-ups, TLPP, Torso lifting from a prone position for 30s, SJ, Jump performance; 1RM, 1 repetition maximum (squat maximum strength performance); SHR, Shuttle run; LS, leg strength; BS, back strength.