TABLE 2.
Characteristics of the included studies.
| Fan Jia, 2016 | Yang Xiao, 2016 | Yinzhong Li, 2012 | Xinyi Zhang, 2011 | Zhaoyi Huang, 2010 | Xiaoming Yang, 2011 | Lina Chen, 2012 | Cuirong Hou, 2017 | Hongyu Sun, 2018 | Jingzu Zhang, 2019 | Shufang Geng, 2020 | Bin Jiang, 2020 | Yu Zhao, 2012 | Yuting Guo, 2012 | First author and year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | China | Country |
| RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | RCT | Study design |
| 52.47 ± 2.85/52.07 ± 2.73 | 46.2 ± 9.7 | 34–48/32–46 | 56.4 ± 10.9/60.6 ± 2.1 | 48.5 ± 5.8/47.2 ± 5.2 | 52.65 ± 10.52/51.86 ± 10.70 | 54.21 ± 26.42/53.54 ± 23.32 | 61.38 ± 10.36/61.84 ± 10.46 | 55.6 ± 11.2/54.8 ± 11.4 | 53.1 ± 3.1/53.7 ± 3.1 | 55.28 ± 4.12/55.36 ± 4.18 | 54.65 ± 5.5/55.20 ± 5.24 | 56.29 ± 4.33/57.43 ± 3.89 | 65.7 ± 2.1/63.1 ± 8.1 | Age (mean ± standard deviation; treatment/control) |
| 65/65 | 24/24 | 39/39 | 100/100 | 35/35 | 120/120 | 60/60 | 45/45 | 33/31 | 118/118 | 37/37 | 60/60 | 30/26 | 30/30 | Sample size (treatment/control) |
| 32/30 | 12/11 | 18/19 | 40/50 | 16/15 | 50/56 | 15/17 | 21/22 | 15/14 | 50/51 | 12/14 | 25/26 | 14/8 | 15/15 | Number of females (treatment/control) |
| NR | NR | NR | 6.5 ± 1.8/7.1 ± 1.3 | NR | 3.92 ± 3.45/3.72 ± 4.86 | NR | 8.31 ± 2.16/8.62 ± 2.32 | NR | 3.1 ± 0.3/3.2 ± 0.3 | 3.87 ± 0.51/3.91 ± 0.55 | 3.26 ± 1.43/3.5 ± 1.51 | 6–20/6–20 | 5.3 ± 2.0/5.7 ± 2.1 | Duration (years) of T2DM (treatment/control) |
| Glimepiride | Only lifestyle intervention | Insulin, metformin | Metformin, Xiaoke Pill, simvastatin | NR | NR | Glimepiride | Glimepiride | Insulin + glimepiride | Hypoglycemic agents | Hypoglycemic agents | Hypoglycemic agents | Mecobalamin, hypoglycemic agents | Glimepiride | Co-intervention |
| JGSQW | JGSQW | JGSQW, 10g, tid | JGSQW, 6g, tid | JGSQW, bid | JGSQW, 5g, tid | JGSQW, 5g, tid | JGSQW, 6g, bid | JGSQW, 6g, bid | JGSQW, bid | JGSQW, bid | JGSQW, bid | JGSQW, 6g, bid | JGSQW, 6g, tid | treatment intervention |
| NR | NR | NR | NR | Simvastatin, metformin | Xiaoke Pill | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Fufang Danshen Pian | NR | Comparator intervention |
| NR | 6W | 3 months | 60d | 12W | 4W | 4W | NR | NR | 4W | 4W | 4W | 4W | 12W | Duration |
| NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Funding |
| NR | NR | 8.3 ± 1.1/8.4 ± 1.2 | NR | 7.56 ± 0.89/7.92 ± 0.78 | 8.78 ± 1.64/8.67 ± 2.08 | 8.43 ± 1.05/8.34 ± 1.24 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 9.7 ± 1.6/9.6 ± 1.8 | Baseline HbA1c (%) (treatment/placebo) |
| NR | 24.7 ± 2.1/25.6 ± 2.2 | 27.3 ± 2.50/27.6 ± 2.17 | 24.91 ± 0.44/24.87 ± 0.24 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | 24.14 ± 2.34/25.34 ± 2.68 | Baseline BMI (kg/m2) (treatment/placebo) |
| 11.21 ± 2.37/11.29 ± 3.21 | 12.1 ± 2.6/11.2 ± 2.6 | 10.5 ± 0.8/10.6 ± 0.7 | 9.12 ± 2.18/9.33 ± 2.07 | 10.12 ± 0.28/10.89 ± 0.97 | 9.8 ± 2.56/9.78 ± 2.54 | 9.06 ± 1.87/9.15 ± 2.87 | 10.98 ± 2.56/11.18 ± 3.72 | NR | 12.09 ± 3,26/12.15 ± 3.32 | NR | NR | 7.02 ± 2.32/7.38 ± 2.32 | 12.4 ± 2.2/12.1 ± 2.1 | Baseline FBG (mmol/L) |
| 13.73 ± 4.33/13.72 ± 4.58 | NR | 12.9 ± 0.6/12.1 ± 0.6 | 14.26 ± 3.54/14.57 ± 3.33 | 15.12 ± 0.61/16.65 ± 0.70 | 15.02 ± 4.35/15.01 ± 4.19 | 15.52 ± 4.73/15.76 ± 4.85 | 13.75 ± 4.26/13.67 ± 4.56 | NR | 13.87 ± 4.59/13.89 ± 4.66 | NR | NR | NR | 14.0 ± 2.6/13.4 ± 3.1 | Baseline 2hBG (mmol/L) |
| NR | NR | 1.14 ± 0.15/1.15 ± 0.08 | NR | 0.87 ± 0.06/0.83 ± 0.07 | 1.26 ± 0.53/1.27 ± 0.45 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Baseline HDL-C (mmol/L) |
| NR | NR | 3.5 ± 0.4/3.4 ± 0.6 | NR | 5.14 ± 0.91/4.98 ± 0.15 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Baseline LDL-C (mmol/L) |
| NR | 6.2 ± 0.5/6.5 ± 0.4 | NR | 6.28 ± 1.32/5.87 ± 1.18 | 6.23 ± 0.89/6.19 ± 0.17 | 6.21 ± 1.13/5.76 ± 1.16 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Baseline TC (mmol/L) |
| NR | 2.6 ± 0.2/2.5 ± 0.2 | 2.60 ± 0.4/2.58 ± 0.6 | 2.04 ± 0.89/2.13 ± 1.2 | 2.59 ± 0.86/2.67 ± 0.32 | 2.17 ± 0.2/1.93 ± 0.88 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Baseline TG (mmol/L) |
| NR | NR | 6.1 ± 0.3/6.6 ± 0.6 | NR | 6.77 ± 0.81/6.55 ± 0.63 | 7.73 ± 1.5/7.74 ± 1.5 | 7.34 ± 1.03/7.76 ± 1.08 | NR | NR | NR | 6.91 ± 1.4/7.62 ± 1.63 | NR | NR | 7.3 ± 2.3/8.0 ± 2.1 | HbA1c (%) (treatment/control) |
| NR | NR | 26.9 ± 1.18/26.6 ± 1.54 | 23.21 ± 0.15/24.66 ± 0.38 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | BMI (kg/m2) (treatment/control) |
| 6.92 ± 1.22/7.2 ± 1.68 | NR | 6.8 ± 0.6/7.8 ± 0.6 | 7.11 ± 1.52/8.04 ± 1.75 | 6.92 ± 0.54/6.35 ± 0.76 | 7.1 ± 1.77/7.67 ± 2.55 | 6.92 ± 1.32/7.43 ± 1.34 | 6.88 ± 1.26/7.21 ± 1.68 | 6.84 ± 4.32/7.2 ± 1.67 | 7.17 ± 1.69/6.67 ± 1.25 | 7.1 ± 2.07/9.26 ± 2.34 | 7.16 ± 1.68/9.58 ± 2.26 | 6.76 ± 2.57/6.68 ± 2.12 | 7.6 ± 1.1/8.4 ± 1.3 | FBG (mmol/L) |
| 8.02 ± 3.27/8.87 ± 3.32 | NR | 7.3 ± 0.5/8.7 ± 0.7 | 11.09 ± 3.87/12.90 ± 1.7 | 9.56 ± 1.42/9.27 ± 1.34 | 9.89 ± 3/10.93 ± 3.77 | 9.23 ± 3.64/10.89 ± 3.65 | 8.16 ± 4.34/8.63 ± 3.41 | 6.87 ± 1.24/8.62 ± 3.4 | 8.65 ± 3.23/7.91 ± 3.26 | 7.97 ± 3.67/10.75 ± 3.53 | 8.64 ± 3.22/9.92 ± 3.17 | NR | 8.5 ± 2.5/9.8 ± 1.3 | 2hBG (mmol/L) |
| NR | NR | 1.22 ± 0.16/1.16 ± 0.07 | NR | 1.21 ± 0.10/1.02 ± 0.08 | 1.28 ± 0.45/1.28 ± 0.45 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | HDL-C (mmol/L) |
| NR | NR | NR | NR | 3.73 ± 0.16/3.21 ± 0.12 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | LDL-C (mmol/L) |
| NR | 3.8 ± 0.6/5.9 ± 0.3 | NR | 5.27 ± 0.83/5.46 ± 1.2 | 4.14 ± 0.59/4.15 ± 0.66 | 4.82 ± 0.88/5.82 ± 2.45 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | TC (mmol/L) |
| NR | 1.4 ± 0.3/2.2 ± 0.1 | 1.1 ± 0.4/1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.5 ± 0.27/1.96 ± 1.22 | 1.71 ± 0.24/1.75 ± 0.31 | 1.65 ± 0.19/1.85 ± 0.73 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | TG (mmol/L) |
| Hyperlipidemia | DN | NR | NR | Hyperlipidemia | NR | NR | DN | DN | DN | DN | DN | DPN | NR | Comorbidity |
| NR | NR | No adverse effects were observed | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Hypoglycemia | Adverse event |
| No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Quality control reported? |
| No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | No | Chemical analysis reported? |
NR: not reported; JGSQW: Jīn-Guì Shèn-Qì Wán; DN: diabetic nephropathy; DPN: diabetic peripheral neuropathy; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; FBG: fasting blood glucose; 2hBG: 2-h postprandial glucose; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; BMI: body mass index.