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. 2021 Sep 6;12:730070. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.730070

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Copyright © 2021 Sun, Sun, Li, Qian, Zhang, Huang, Shen, Law, Liu and Gu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) induced skeletal muscle atrophy. IL-6 signals are transmitted to the nucleus with the help of IL-6R and gp130, causing the activation of transcription factors, such as STAT3, NF-κB, TP53, and MyoG. These transcription factors cause changes in the expression of atrophy genes in three ways: 1) They can directly act on atrogenes. 2) They activate multiple immune receptors located on the cell membrane to amplify the immune response. 3) They inhibit mitochondrial function by reducing the expression of energy metabolism genes. Changes in the expression of atrogenes will cause skeletal muscle atrophy. IL-6, interleukin-6.