Table 5.
Dietary elements and expression/regulation of miRNAs.
| Elements | On-target effect | Effect on miRNAs | Outcome | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curcumin (dyferuloylmethane) | Inhibition of Bcl2 protein | Overexpression of miR-15a and miR-16 | Inhibition of anti-apoptotic activity in MCF-7 BC cells | (88) |
| Curcumin (dyferuloylmethane) | Inhibition of MMPs. Reduction of CXCL1/2 protein levels | Overexpression of miR-181b | Reduction of cancer cells invasivity | (89) |
| Curcumin (dyferuloylmethane) | Reduction of Axl, Slug, CD24 and Rho-A protein levels | Overexpression of miR-34a | Inhibition of EMT in MCF-10F and MDA-MB-231 BC cell lines | (90) |
| Genistein | Upregulation of PTEN/FOXO3/AKT axis | Underexpression of miR-155; overexpression of miR-23b | Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in Hs578t and MDA_MB-435 BC lines | (91) |
| Rasveratrol | Downregulation of EF1A2 gene expression | Overexpression of miR-663, miR-141, miR-774 and miR-200c | Antiproliferative effect in MCF-7 BC cells; inhibition of CSC phenotype transition | (87, 92) |
| 1,25-D | p53-mediated regulation of PCNA | Overexpression of miR-182 | Reduction of cellular stress | (81) |
| 1,25-D | Erα upregulation | Underexpression of miR-489 | Antiproliferative effect in ER-positive BC cell lines | (93) |
| SCFAs acetate (butyrate, propionate) | Activation of FFARs | Overexpression of miR-31 | Induction of cellular senescence | (81, 86) |
| Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA) | PTEN-mediated CSF1R inhibition | Underexpression of miR-21 | Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in BC cell lines | (86) |
| Indole 3 carbinol | AHR-mediated CD4+ T helper activation | Overepression of miR-212 and miR-132 | Enhancement of anti-cancer immune response | (94, 95) |
Bcl2 protein, B cell lymphoma 2 protein; BC, breast cancer; MMPs, matrix metalloproteinases; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition; PTEN, phosphatases and tensin homolog; FOXO3, forkhead box 3 protein; EF1A2, elongation factor 1A2; CSC, cancer stem-like cell; PCNA, proliferating-cell nuclear antigen; 1,25D, 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol vitamin D; ERα, estrogen receptor-α; SCFAs, short-chain fatty acids; FFARs, free fatty acid receptors; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; CSF1R, colony stimulating factor 1 receptor; AHR, aryl-hydrocarbon receptor.