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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 20.
Published in final edited form as: Addict Biol. 2019 Jul 2;25(5):e12806. doi: 10.1111/adb.12806

Figure 2. Withdrawal from neonatal morphine exposure increases total ultrasonic vocalizations in males.

Figure 2.

Figures depict total ultrasonic vocalizations occurring in the range of 40-125 kHz. (A) Male AA and GG morphine-exposed pups exhibited increased vocalization compared to saline-exposed pups 24 hours after cessation of drug treatment. (B) There was no effect of morphine exposure on ultrasonic vocalization in females. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001 compared to saline treated animals.