Table 1.
Patient baseline data, COVID-19 management, and outcome
| All patients (n = 182) | First wave (n = 33) | Second wave (n = 149) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malesa | 120 (65.9) | 24 (72.7) | 96 (64,4) | 0.363 |
| Age, yearsb | 51 (43–57) | 52 (46–58) | 50 (43–56) | 0.544 |
| Months from transplantb | 93.5 (38.5–139.3) | 91 (34–150) | 94 (45–136) | 0.695 |
| First year after transplanta | 11 (6.0) | 3 (9.1) | 8 (5.4) | 0.638 |
| BMI, kg/m2b | 26.6 (18.7–40.6) | 27 (20.7–35.3) | 26.4 (18.7–40.6) | 0.209 |
| CCI median, rangeb | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–4) | 0.968 |
| CCI 2 | 69 (37.9) | 12 (36.3) | 57 (38.2) | 0.756 |
| CCI 3 or 4 | 90 (49.4) | 18 (54.5) | 72 (48.3) | |
| CCI 5 and over | 23 (12.6) | 3 (9.0) | 20 (13.4) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertensionb | 144 (79.1) | 24 (72.7) | 120 (80.5) | 0.318 |
| Diabetesb | 48 (26.3) | 8 (24.2) | 40 (26.8) | 0.759 |
| Cardiovascularb | 59 (32.4) | 9 (27.2) | 50 (33.5) | 0.485 |
| Malignancyb | 8 (4.3) | 8 (5.3) | n/a | |
| Dementia b | 1 (0.5) | 1 (3.0) | n/a | |
| Obesityb | 35 (19.2) | 7 (21.2) | 28 (18.7) | 0.750 |
| Baseline eGFR, median/range | 49 (32.8–70.3) | 53 (40–72) | 49 (31–68.5) | 0.265 |
| Baseline immunosuppressiona | ||||
| Triple regimen | 138 (75.8) | 26 (78.7) | 112 (75.1) | 0.62 |
| Tacrolimus | 152 (83.5) | 30 (90.9) | 122 (81.8) | 0.2 |
| Cyclosporine A | 3 (1.6) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (1.3) | 0.37 |
| Rapamycin | 4 (2.1) | 4 (2.6) | n/a | |
| Antimetabolites | 177 (97.2) | 33 (100) | 144 (96.6) | 0.31 |
| Low-dose steroids | 165 (90.6) | 28 (84.8) | 137 (91.9) | 0.21 |
| Disease severity | ||||
| Mild | 73 (40.1) | 13 (39.3) | 60 (40.2) | 0.93 |
| Moderate | 35 (19.2) | 6 (18.1) | 29 (19.4) | 0.87 |
| Severe | 33 (18.1) | 7 (21.2) | 26 (17.4) | 0.61 |
| Critical | 41 (22.5) | 7 (21.2) | 34 (22.8) | 0.84 |
| Radiological findings | ||||
| Abnormal findings (all types) | 119/133 (89.4) | 25/28 (89.2) | 94/105 (89.5) | 0.963 |
| COVID-19 pneumonia | 86/133 (64.6) | 22/28 (78.5) | 64/105 (60.9) | 0.08 |
| Bilateral pneumonia | 54/86 (62.7) | 22/22 (100) | 32/64 (50) | <0.001 |
| Outpatient | 63 (34.6) | 5 (15.1) | 58 (38.9) | 0.008 |
| COVID-19 management | ||||
| MMF reduction/withdrawal | 158 (86.8) | 30 (90.9) | 128 (85.9) | 0.44 |
| CNI reduction/withdrawal | 68 (37.3) | 20 (60.6) | 48 (32.2) | 0.001 |
| HCQ | 27 (14.8) | 13 (39.3) | 14 (9.3) | <0.001 |
| Tocilizumab | 8 (4.3) | 1 (3.0) | 7 (4.6) | 0.62 |
| Dexamethasone | 74 (40.6) | 15 (45.4) | 59 (39.5) | 0.59 |
| Antiretrovirals | 18 (9.8) | 8 (24.2) | 10 (6.7) | 0.003 |
| Remdesivir/favipiravir | 38 (20.8) | 5 (15.1) | 33 (22.1) | 0.37 |
| Oxygen therapy | 75 (41.2) | 14 (42.4) | 61 (40.9) | 0.91 |
| LMWH and NOAC | 118 (64.8) | 26 (78.7) | 92 (61.7) | 0.06 |
| CRRT | 7 (3.8) | 7 (4.6) | 0.19 | |
| Intensive care admission | 43 (23.6) | 9 (27.2) | 34 (22.8) | 0.62 |
| Outcome | ||||
| Discharged | 88/119 (73.94) | 20/28 (71.4) | 68/91 (74.7) | 0.67 |
| Dead | 31/182 (17.0) | 8/33 (24.2) | 23/149 (15.4) | 0.22 |
Data are reported as number/total number of available observations and (percent), or median and interquartile range (Q1Q3) and were analyzed with n/a, not applicable; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CNI, calcineurin inhibitors; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; LMWH, low molecular weight heparin; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; NOAC, nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate. a χ2 test or Fisher's exact test. b Mann-Whitney test.