Figure 8.

(A) Illustration of the Na dendrite formation mechanism during charging cycles, where Na is redeposited from Na⁺ on the anode (Na plating). The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the Na anode is not capable of preventing the catastrophic dendrite growth. Figure 8A was reproduced from [10] (© 2019 B. Sun et al., published by WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). (B) Visualization of sodium dendrite growth in a carbonate electrolyte. Figure 8B was reprinted with permission from [65], X. Yang et al. "Anodes and Sodium-Free Cathodes in Sodium-Ion Batteries", Adv. Energy Mater., with permission from John Wiley and Sons Copyright © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0.