Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the visual cortex (V1) of juvenile non-human primates. (a) Representative image of a brain slice cut from the occipital region indicated in the inset, immunostained for GFAP (brown) and counterstained with haematoxylin (blue). The demarcated regions indicate the primary visual cortex (V1) contained in the slice. (b) High magnification image showing GFAP-positive areas (GFAP+) within V1. (c) GFAP area density (% of total area) in the visual cortex (V1) of juvenile non-human primates (NHPs) 2 yr after single (1×), three times (3×) or no exposure (Ctr) to isoflurane during infancy. Data are median (25th–75th percentiles), n (NHP)=Ctr: 8, 1×: 8, 3×: 7.