Table 4.

Logistic regression models predicting testicular volume <15 ml in the whole cohort and in infertile men after matching

Variable	Whole cohort		Infertile men
	UVA model (OR; P [95% CI])	MVA model (OR; P [95% CI])	UVA model (OR; P [95% CI])	MVA model (OR; P [95% CI])
Age	1.01; 0.99 [0.57–1.72]	NA	1.01; 0.78 [0.53–1.61]	NA
BMI	0.44; 0.15 [0.14–1.35]	NA	0.41; 0.12 [0.13–1.28]	NA
CCI	1.37; 0.07 [0.87–5.11]	NA	2.95; 0.11 [0.76–5.56]	NA
Varicocele	2.41; <0.001 [2.01–2.86]	2.1; <0.001 [1.69–2.54]	2.26; <0.001 [1.89–2.71]	1.66; <0.001 [1.28–2.14]
Infertile status	7.92; <0.001 [4.31–14.56]	7.22; <0.001 [3.76–13.32]	NA	NA
Azoospermia	NA	NA	3.39; <0.001 [2.63–4.36]	3.21; <0.001 [2.43–6.16]
Cryptorchidism	NA	NA	2.68; <0.001 [1.90–3.78]	1.31; 0.31 [0.76–2.22]
Karyotype abnormalities	NA	NA	3.69; <0.001 [1.99–6.84]	1.21; 0.88 [0.65–2.63]
Hypogonadism status	NA	NA
Eugonadism	NA	NA	Ref	Ref
Primary hypogonadism	NA	NA	11.3; <0.001 [3.41–10.67]	7.21; <0.001 [2.12–10.54]
Secondary hypogonadism	NA	NA	1.31; 0.06 [0.98–1.76]	1.01; 0.98 [0.68–1.44]
Compensated hypogonadism	NA	NA	8.43; <0.001 [4.31–9.65]	1.75; 0.04 [1.11–4.21]

UVA: univariate model; MVA: multivariate model, BMI: body mass index; CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio; NA: not applicable; Ref: reference value