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. 2021 Jun 7;17(1):203–209. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.314325

Figure 4.

Figure 4

LBE pretreatment alters o-Aβ-induced microglia polarizing markers.

(A, D) IMG cells were pretreated with or without LBE (250 μg/mL) for 1 hour, followed by o-Aβ (5 μM) co-treatment for 23 hours. IMG cells were stained for the microglial pro-inflammatory M1 markers iNOS (green; stained by Alexa Fluor 488) and IL-1β (red; stained by Alexa Fluor 568) (A) or the anti-inflammatory M2 marker ARG-1 (red; stained by Alexa Fluor 568) (D). The nuclei (blue) were stained with DAPI. Scale bar: 100 μm. (B, C, E) Immunofluorescence intensity of iNOS (B), IL-1β (C), and ARG-1 (E). Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. **P < 0.01,***P < 0.001 (Student’s t-test). ARG-1: Arginase 1; Aβ: amyloid-β; DAPI: 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IMG: immortalized microglial cell line; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LBE: Lycium barbarum extract; o-Aβ: oligomeric Aβ1–42.