Figure 5.

Effects of LBE on the o-Aβ-induced mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines in IMG cells.

(A–F) Real-time polymerase chain reaction for the pro-inflammatory M1 markers TNF-α (A), IL-1β (B), and iNOS (C), and the anti-inflammatory M2 markers IL-4 (D), ARG-1 (E), and Ym1 (F). Data were normalized to the level of β-actin in the control and are shown as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05,**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 (one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post hoc test). ARG-1: Arginase 1; Aβ: amyloid-β; IL-1β: interleukin 1 beta; IL-4: interleukin 4; IMG: immortalized microglial cell line; iNOS: inducible nitric oxide synthase; LBE: Lycium barbarum extract; o-Aβ: oligomeric Aβ_1–42; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; Ym1: chitinase-like protein 3.