Table 4.

Association of work productivity loss with multimorbidity and socio-demographic factors

Variables	Limited work due to health problems (n = 10,261)				Early retirement (n = 1,289)
	OR	P value	95% CI		OR	P value	95% CI
No. of chronic disease (single)
Multimorbidity	1.868	<0.001	1.601	2.178	1.090	0.681	0.721	1.648
Age (45–54)
55–64	1.062	0.462	0.905	1.245	0.551	0.052	0.301	1.006
65–74	1.012	0.898	0.843	1.214	0.636	0.277	0.281	1.439
75 and above	0.809	0.162	0.601	1.089	0.264	0.001	0.118	0.592
Gender (male)
Female	1.082	0.204	0.958	1.223	0.858	0.576	0.500	1.471
Marital status (married)
Unmarried and other	1.167	0.130	0.956	1.424	1.125	0.710	0.604	2.094
Level of education (illiterate)
Primary school	1.024	0.768	0.874	1.200	1.187	0.585	0.641	2.197
Secondary school	0.813	0.019	0.683	0.966	2.071	0.035	1.054	4.068
College & above	0.585	<0.001	0.443	0.774	1.927	0.024	1.091	3.403
Residence place (urban)
Rural	1.715	<0.001	1.457	2.018	1.110	0.643	0.712	1.731
Region (east)
Central	1.287	0.003	1.091	1.519	1.239	0.262	0.851	1.805
West	1.134	0.194	0.938	1.372	1.926	0.022	1.100	3.372
PCE, quartile (Q1, the lowest)
Q2	1.012	0.892	0.856	1.195	1.121	0.737	0.574	2.188
Q3	0.838	0.056	0.698	1.005	0.631	0.175	0.324	1.229
Q4 (the highest)	0.683	<0.001	0.564	0.827	1.169	0.631	0.618	2.210
Social health insurance (no)
Yes	1.296	0.010	1.065	1.576	1.134	0.677	0.626	2.057

Logistic regression models were used to assess the association of limited work due to health problems and early retirement with chronic conditions. The odds ratios estimated by adjusting for study variables, including age, gender, marital status, level of education, residence place, region, household economic level and health insurance status. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; PCE, per capita household consumption expenditure.