Table 4.

Genetic conditions which negatively impact male fertility [60]

Chromosomal conditions
Y chromosome microdeletions (AZFa, AZFb, AZFc)
Structural Y-chromosome changes (isodicentric Y chromosomes)
X chromosome conditions (TEX11, MAGEB4, RHOX, HAUS7, and TAF7L)
Klinefelter syndrome (KS)
Kennedy disease
47 XYY male
46 XX male
Kallmann syndrome
Robertsonian translocations
Fanconi anaemia
β-Thalassemia
Non-chromosomal conditions
Primary ciliary dyskinesia
Multiple morphological abnormalities of sperm flagella
Aurora kinase C deficiency
Young syndrome
Globozoospermia
Cation channels of sperm (CATSPER)
Disorders of sexual differentiation
Androgen insensitivity syndrome
Gonadal dysgenesis
5α-reductase deficiency
Persistent Müllerian duct syndrome
Other
Myotonic dystrophy
Noonan syndrome