Table 1.

Printing technologies applied to e-textiles: resolution and advantages and disadvantages

Printing methods	Resolution, µm	Viscosity, mPa·s*	Cost	Throughput	Maintenance Requirement
Screen printing	20–100	50–5000	Low	High	Low
Inkjet printing	5–200	2–25	Low	Low	High
Flexography	30–80	1000–2000	High	High	High
Gravure printing	15	10–800	High	High	Low

mPa·s* stands for millipascal-seconds. The viscosity of ink can be measured using millipascal-seconds (mPa·s) or centipoises (cP), where 1 cP equals 1 mPa·s. The more viscous a printing ink is, the more resistant it’s to flow.