Figure 2.

Estradiol levels in dependency of disease severity. Estradiol levels measured in plasma obtained from critically ill male (blue columns) and female (red columns) COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 patients are displayed in dependency of disease severity as assessed by SOFA scores (a–c). Male COVID-19 patients were subdivided into patients requiring ECMO therapy (+ECMO) and patients not requiring ECMO therapy (-ECMO) (d). Percentile boxplots represent 25–75% of values, with the median value indicated by a crossline, and mean values by a plus icon. The laboratory assessed hormone reference ranges are indicated in grey. Values are shown as median and interquartile ranges. Statistical significance in males was assessed by NON-parametric tests (Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons). Statistical significance in females was evaluated by unpaired, two-tailed NON-parametric Student’s t-test (Mann–Whitney test).