Table 2.
Fungal endophytes associated with host plants and their biological activities against microorganisms
| Plants | Endophytic fungi | Active against microorganism | Activity | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Solanum mauritianum | Paracamarosporium leucadendri, Aureobasidium pullulans, Hyalodendriella sp. |
Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans |
Antibacterial and antimycobacterial | (Pelo et al. 2020) |
| Tripterigeum wilfordii | Cryptosporiopsis cf. Quercina |
Trichophyton sp., Cryptococcus neoforrnans, Aspergillus fumigatus |
Antifungal | (Strobel et al. 1999b) |
| Nyctanthes arbour-tristis |
Alternaria alternate, Nigrospora oryzae, Colletotrichum dematium and Chaetomium globosum |
Shigella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella paratyphi, | Antibacterial and antifungal | (Gond et al. 2012) |
| Solanum Nigrum | Zygo Rhizopus sp. | Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Antibacterial | (Sunkar and Nachiyar 2011) |
| Writhtia tinctoria | Aspergillus sp. | P. aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens | Antibacterial | (Sunkar and Nachiyar 2011) |
| Plumbago zeylanico | Rhizopus sp. | P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens | Antibacterial | (Sunkar and Nachiyar 2011) |
| Aravae lanata | Aspergillus sp. | P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens | Antibacterial | (Sunkar and Nachiyar 2011) |
| Aralia elata | Diaporthe, Alternaria | Staphylococcus aureus | Antibacterial | (Wu et al. 2012) |
| Laguncularia racemosa | Diaporthe phaseolorum | S. aureus and Salmonella typhi | Antibacterial | (Sebastianes et al. 2012) |
| Panax ginseng | Paecilomyces sp. | Trichophyton rubrum, A. fumigatus | Antifungal | (Xu et al. 2009) |
| Cinnamomum zeylanicum | Muscodor albus | Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum and Fusarium oxysporum | Antifungal | (Strobel et al. 2001) |
| Michelia champaca | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Cladosporium cladosporioides and C. sphaerospermum | Antifungal | (Chapla et al. 2014) |
| Kandelia candel (L.) Druce | Talaromyces sp. | Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Sarcina ventriculi, E. coli | Antibacterial and antifungal | (Liu et al. 2010) |
| Calotropis gigantea | Alternaria destruens (AKL-3) | S. enteric, Sh. flexneri, E. coli, S. aureus | Antibacterial | (Kaur et al. 2020) |
| Ocimum species (Tulsi) | – | Bacillus cereus, S. aureus, P. aeroginosa, Mycobacterium smegmatis and C. albicans | Antibacterial | (Pavithra et al. 2012) |
| Indigofera suffruticosa Miller | Nigrospora sphaerica, Pestalotiopsis maculans | Staphylococcus aureus | Antibacterial | (Santos et al. 2015) |