TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics at baseline
| Variable | CU (N = 4439) | MCI (N = 642) | Total (N = 5081) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 73.7 (66.2, 80.3) | 80.6 (73.9, 84.4) | 74.4 (67.4, 81.2) |
| Male sex | 2243 (50.5) | 369 (57.5) | 2612 (51.4) |
| Education, years | 14.0 (12.0, 16.0) | 12.0 (12.0, 15.0) | 14.0 (12.0, 16.0) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| White | 4371 (98.5) | 629 (98.0) | 5000 (98.4) |
| Asian | 22 (0.5) | 4 (0.6) | 26 (0.5) |
| Black | 11 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 12 (0.2) |
| Othera | 35 (0.8) | 8 (1.2) | 43 (0.9) |
| Delusions | 13 (0.3) | 18 (2.8) | 31 (0.6) |
| Hallucinations | 7 (0.2) | 6 (0.9) | 13 (0.3) |
| Agitation | 113 (2.5) | 55 (8.6) | 168 (3.3) |
| Depression | 470 (10.6) | 167 (26.0) | 637 (12.5) |
| Anxiety | 249 (5.6) | 91 (14.2) | 340 (6.7) |
| Euphoria | 19 (0.4) | 12 (1.9) | 31 (0.6) |
| Apathy | 183 (4.1) | 111 (17.3) | 294 (5.8) |
| Disinhibition | 53 (1.2) | 29 (4.5) | 82 (1.6) |
| Irritability | 336 (7.6) | 128 (19.9) | 464 (9.1) |
| Motor behavior | 28 (0.6) | 11 (1.7) | 39 (0.8) |
| Nighttime behaviorb | 277 (7.3) | 98 (18.2) | 375 (8.7) |
| Appetite | 191 (4.3) | 60 (9.3) | 251 (4.9) |
| BDI‐II score ≥ 13c | 279 (6.4) | 99 (15.9) | 378 (7.6) |
| BAI score ≥ 10d | 277 (6.3) | 87 (13.6) | 364 (7.2) |
| z‐score memorye | 0.20 (−0.46, 0.84) | −1.41 (−1.88, −0.84) | 0.04 (−0.72, 0.74) |
| z‐score attentionf | 0.22 (−0.35, 0.76) | −1.12 (−2.12, −0.32) | 0.12 (−0.54, 0.68) |
| z‐score languageg | 0.18 (−0.38, 0.73) | −0.98 (−1.80, −0.37) | 0.07 (−0.55, 0.67) |
| z‐score visuospatialh | 0.18 (−0.47, 0.80) | −0.99 (−1.64, −0.34) | 0.07 (−0.65, 0.71) |
| z‐score global cognitioni | 0.23 (−0.38, 0.80) | −1.39 (−1.93, −0.88) | 0.08 (−0.62, 0.70) |
Note: Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR) and categorical variables are presented as N (%).
Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI‐II, Beck Depression Inventory‐II; CU, cognitively unimpaired; IQR, interquartile range; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NPS, neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Other includes: American Indian/Alaska Native (N = 3), more than one race (N = 25), unknown race (N = 15).
Information missing on 751 participants (646 CU, 105 MCI).
Information missing on 92 participants (71 CU, 21 MCI).
Information missing on 12 participants (8 CU, 4 MCI).
Information missing on 69 participants (54 CU, 15 MCI).
Information missing on 208 participants (155 CU, 53 MCI).
Information missing on 164 participants (130 CU, 34 MCI).
Information missing on 221 participants (170 CU, 51 MCI).
Information missing on 328 participants (248 CU, 80 MCI).