TABLE 1.
Demographic and biomarker concentration characteristics in participants classified pathologically, clinically, and according to amyloid PET status
| Pathological status | Clinical status | PET amyloid status | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | high AD | Total | Statistic | Controls | AD | Total | Statistic | – | + | Total | Statistic | |
| N | 80 | 33 | 113 | – | 169 | 131 | 300 | – | 32 | 8 | 40 | – |
| Age, mean (SD) years | 84.93 (7.45) | 87.38 (6.04) | 85.64 (7.13) | t = 1.67, P = 0.09 | 81.01 (6.31) | 82.99 (6.49) | 81.87(6.46) | t = 2.66 P = 0.008 | 82.16 (5.19) | 84.25 (4.55) | 82.58 (5.08) | t = 1.04, P = 0.30 |
| Sex, n (%) women | 41 (51%) | 28 (85%) | 69 (61%) | Χ2 = 11.09, P = 0.001 | 109 (64%) | 91 (69%) | 200 (67%) | Χ2 = 0.82, P = 0.36 | 19 (59%) | 5 (63%) | 24 (60%) | Χ2 = 0.03, P = 0.87 |
| APOE, n (%) ε4 | 16 (20%) | 13 (41%) | 32 (29%) | Χ2 = 4.89, P = 0.02 | 46 (27%) | 38 (29%) | 84 (28%) | Χ2 = 0.11, P = 0.73 | 11 (34%) | 6 (75%) | 17 (43%) | Χ2 = 4.32, P = 0.04 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| White | 37 (46%) | 15 (45%) | 52 (46%) | Χ2 = 1,90, P = 0.38 | 63 (37%) | 37 (28%) | 100 (33%) | Χ2 = 2.71, P = 0.25 | 11 (34%) | 4 (50%) | 15 (38%) | Χ2 = 2.15, P = 0.34 |
| Black | 25 (31%) | 7 (21%) | 32 (28%) | 53 (31%) | 47 (36%) | 100 (33%) | 17 (53%) | 2 (25%) | 19 (48%) | |||
| Hispanic | 18 (25%) | 11 (33%) | 29 (26%) | 53 (31%) | 47 (36%) | 100 (33%) | 4 (13%) | 2 (25%) | 6 (15%) | |||
| Plasma biomarker concentration, mean (SD) pg/mL | ||||||||||||
| Aβ42/Aβ40 | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.03) | t = 1.24, P = 0.21 | 0.05 (0.01) | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.01) | t = 0.57, P = 0.56 | 0.06 (0.01) | 0.05 (0.005) | 0.06 (0.009) | t = 0.83, P = 0.40 |
| T‐tau | 4.30 (3.22) | 4.12 (2.37) | 4.25 (2.98) | t = 0.29, P = 0.76 | 4.94 (2.13) | 4.90 (2.06) | 4.92 (2.09) | t = 0.15, P = 0.88 | 4.55 (2.13) | 5.64 (1.43) | 4.77 (2.04) | t = 1.36, P = 0.18 |
| P‐tau181 | 1.06 (0.81) | 1.93 (1.14) | 1.32 (1.00) | t = 4.54, P < 0.001 | 0.86 (0.73) | 1.24 (1.09) | 1.02 (0.92) | t = 3.55, P < 0.001 | 0.73 (0.61) | 1.35 (0.54) | 0.86 (0.64) | t = 2.59, P = 0.01 |
| P‐tau217 | 0.19 (0.16) | 0.51 (0.40) | 0.28 (0.29) | t = 5.99, P < 0.001 | 0.18 (0.17) | 0.32 (0.32) | 0.25 (0.26) | t = 4.80, P < 0.001 | 0.15 (0.14) | 0.39 (0.18) | 0.20 (0.18) | t = 3.86, P < 0.001 |
| NfL | 51.45 (51.11) | 34.41 (25.35) | 46.43 (45.63) | t = 1.82, P = 0.07 | 31.10 (28.96) | 36.55 (24.63) | 33.48 (27.25) | t = 1.76, P = 0.08 | 30.29 (20.73) | 30.31 (14.15) | 30.30 (19.43) | t < 0.01, P = 0.99 |
Notes: For the autopsy group, "high AD" refers to ADNC classification of high degrees of AD neuropathological change and controls include all other groups. For the clinical group, AD diagnosis is based on standardized clinical classification without consideration of biomarker status. For the PET subgroup, amyloid positivity was determined according to an SUVR threshold of 1.25.
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; ADNC, AD neuropathological change; PET, positron emission tomography; SD, standard deviation; SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio.