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. 2021 Sep 8;19(9):e3001385. doi: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001385

Fig 3. Higher inflammation in the amnion by live E. coli compared to LPS.

Fig 3

Inflammatory cytokine mRNAs in different rhesus IUI models were measured in surgically isolated amnion tissue by qPCR. Average mRNA values are fold increases over the average value for the control group after internally normalizing to the housekeeping 18S RNA. Data are mean, SEM. A p-value for 3 group comparison by KW nonparametric test is shown in each panel, with post hoc analysis by DSCF method showing *p < 0.05 between comparators. Red circles denote animals with PTL, while clear circles denote animals without PTL. See S1 Data for numerical values. DSCF, Dwass–Steel–Critchlow–Fligner; IA, intra-amniotic; IUI, intrauterine infection/inflammation; KW, Kruskal–Wallis; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PTL, preterm labor; qPCR, quantitative polymerase chain reaction.