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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Neurosci Res. 2020 Jul 30;100(1):183–190. doi: 10.1002/jnr.24704

Figure 2: KOR antinociception varies with sex chromosome, not gonadal hormones.

Figure 2:

A) Baseline tail withdrawal thresholds vary by sex chromosome and gonadal hormone, with animals with a Y chromosome displaying higher baseline pain withdrawal thresholds than animals with two X chromosomes, n=6-8. B) U50 anti-nociception (10mg/kg, s.c.) is significantly higher in XY than XX mice, regardless of type of gonad. Data were compared with three-way ANOVA with time, sex chromosome, and gonadal hormone as independent factors. Males and females are plotted separately for clarity, n=6-8 C) Tail withdrawal thresholds were transformed to percent maximum potential effect (%MPE), n=6-8. D) Removal of gonads does not affect U50 sex differences in tail withdrawal, n=5-8. Data presented as mean =/− SEM.