Table 3.

Plaque index considered for data analysis

Study	SMD	SE	95% CI	t	P	Weight (%)
						Fixed	Random
Oliveria S M A et al., 2008	0.38	0.359	−0.354-1.115			3.76	5.58
Pradeep AR et al., 2012[7]	−0.00828	0.255	−0.518-0.502			7.45	7.32
Pradeep AR et al., 2012[7]	0.511	0.259	−0.00770-1.029			7.21	7.24
Pradeep AR et al., 2012[7]	0.986	0.27	0.445-1.527			6.62	7.04
Yeturu S K et al., 2016	−0.409	0.258	−0.925-0.107			7.29	7.27
Pradeep AR et al., 2016[25]	0.722	0.263	0.195-1.249			6.98	7.17
Pradeep AR et al., 2016[25]	0.112	0.255	−0.399-0.622			7.44	7.31
Sahu I et al., 2017	−0.0474	0.255	−0.558-0.463			7.45	7.32
Kurian IG et al., 2018[27]	0.744	0.264	0.216-1.272			6.96	7.16
Kurian IG et al., 2018[27]	1.173	0.276	0.620-1.727			6.33	6.93
Deepu S L et al., 2018	0.0187	0.235	−0.451-0.488			8.73	7.67
Penmetsa G S et al., 2019	−0.147	0.31	−0.776-0.481			5.02	6.35
Kamath NP et al., 2020[29]	0	0.227	−452-0.452			9.38	7.83
Kamath NP et al., 2020[29]	0.0991	0.227	−0.354-0.552			9.37	7.82
Total (fixed effects)	0.271	0.0696	0.134-0.407	3.893	<0.001	100	100
Total (random effects)	0.288	0.123	0.0476-0.529	2.351	0.019	100	100
Test for heterogeneity
Q	39.8501
DF	13
Significance level (P)	0.0001
I2 (%)	67.38
95% CI for I2	42.95-81.35

P<0.05 was considered as significant. SMD – Standardized mean difference; SE – Standard error; CI – Confidence interval; Q – Cochran’s quotient; DF – Degree of freedom; I² – Inconsistency; t – Student’s t statistics; P – Probability