Table 13. Additional information yielded by 3D echocardiography on congenital defects and recommendations71,79,83-86.
Congenital heart disease | Modality | Additional information | Recommendation class | Evidence level |
---|---|---|---|---|
AVSD | TTE/TEE | Dimension of atrial and/or ventricular defect; morphology of leaflets and subvalvular apparatus; assessment of regurgitation jets; dimensions of orifices and ventricles in unbalanced defects |
I | B |
Discordant AV connection | TTE/TEE | Morphology and function of tricuspid and mitral valves, location and dimensions of related VSD morphology of outflow tracts of the RV and LV |
I | B |
Complex TGA | TTE/TEE | Morphology and function of tricuspid and mitral valves, location and dimensions of the VSD, anatomy of RV and LV outflow tracts in cases of obstruction |
I | B |
Tetralogy of Fallot | TTE | Dimension and location of CIV and anatomy of RV outflow tract | III | C |
Truncus Arteriosus | TTE/TEE | Morphology of truncal valve* | III | C |
Double-outlet RV | TTE | Relationship of atrioventricular valves, position and size of the VSD with the great arteries |
III | C |
AV: atrioventricular; AVSD: atrioventricular septal defect; TEE: transesophageal echocardiogram; TGA: transposition of the great arteries; TTE: transthoracic echocardiogram; VSD: ventricular septal defect.
Specifically for assessment of the truncal valve in older patients.