Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 20.
Published in final edited form as: Immunohorizons. 2021 Jun 17;5(6):466–476. doi: 10.4049/immunohorizons.2100022

TABLE 4.

Multiple linear regression of symptoms associated with antibody levels, ACE-2 inhibition, and viral neutralization titers five weeks after resolution of COVID-19 symptoms in non-hospitalized subjects

Symptom a sqrt[IgG(Spike)] log[IgG(NTD)] sqrt[IgG(RBD)]
β 95% CI p Adj. R2 β 95% CI p Adj. R2 β 95% CI p Adj. R2

Fever 314 13, 614 0.041 0.14 0.73 0.16, 1.29 0.012 0.19 254 55, 452 0.013 0.21
Chills 207 −124, 539 0.217 0.12 0.28 −0.36, 0.91 0.385 0.13 143 −80, 366 0.205 0.16
Productive cough 167 −152, 487 0.300 0.10 0.49 −0.11, 1.09 0.108 0.14 82 −133, 297 0.448 0.14
Dry cough 363 60, 666 0.020 0.15 0.68 0.11, 1.26 0.021 0.18 164 −44, 371 0.120 0.16
Shortness of breath 71 −229, 372 0.637 0.09 −0.02 −0.59, 0.56 0.955 0.11 −2 −204, 200 0.982 0.14
Chest tightness 193 −117, 503 0.219 0.11 0.11 −0.48, 0.71 0.713 0.11 87 −122, 297 0.407 0.14
Sore throat 51 −244, 346 0.730 0.09 −0.06 −0.62, 0.51 0.844 0.11 10 −188, 208 0.922 0.14
Loss of taste/smell 419 123, 715 0.006 0.18 0.70 0.13, 1.27 0.017 0.18 279 81, 478 0.007 0.22
Runny/stuffed nose 42 −263, 347 0.786 0.09 −0.03 −0.61, 0.55 0.920 0.11 26 −179, 231 0.802 0.14
Body aches 638 308, 968 <0.001 0.24 1.07 0.43, 1.71 0.001 0.23 377 151, 603 0.001 0.25
Headaches 512 202, 821 0.002 0.21 0.86 0.26, 1.46 0.005 0.20 285 73, 497 0.009 0.21
Low appetite 527 239, 815 <0.001 0.23 1.05 0.51, 1.59 <0.001 0.26 351 158, 544 0.001 0.27
Nausea 238 −67, 543 0.124 0.12 0.62 0.05, 1.19 0.035 0.17 124 −82, 330 0.235 0.15
Vomiting 205 −225, 634 0.345 0.10 1.02 0.23, 1.80 0.012 0.19 171 −116, 458 0.238 0.15
Abdominal pain 197 −194, 588 0.320 0.10 0.32 −0.43, 1.06 0.396 0.12 144 −118, 406 0.276 0.15
Diarrhea 258 −52, 569 0.101 0.12 0.21 −0.39, 0.81 0.483 0.12 143 −66, 352 0.177 0.16
Moderate disease 482 34, 930 0.035 0.14 0.57 −0.29, 1.44 0.191 0.13 302 −0.1, 604 0.050 0.18
Number of symptoms 95 52, 138 <0.001 0.28 0.17 0.08, 0.25 <0.001 0.27 56 27, 86 <0.001 0.28

Symptom a sqrt[IgG(Nucleocapsid)] log[ACE2 Inhibition] log[Neut Titer]
β 95% CI p Adj. R2 β 95% CI p Adj. R2 β 95% CI p Adj. R2

Fever 340 −40, 721 0.079 0.15 0.80 0.13, 1.48 0.020 0.20 1.15 0.50, 1.80 0.001 0.22
Chills 257 −162, 676 0.226 0.14 0.47 −0.27, 1.21 0.212 0.18 0.52 −0.23, 1.27 0.168 0.13
Productive cough 121 −282, 525 0.551 0.11 0.46 −0.26, 1.18 0.209 0.16 0.78 0.08, 1.48 0.029 0.15
Dry cough 150 −244, 544 0.450 0.12 0.72 0.03, 1.41 0.040 0.19 0.71 0.02, 1.40 0.044 0.14
Shortness of breath −222 −597, 152 0.241 0.13 −0.03 −0.71, 0.65 0.922 0.14 −0.02 −0.71, 0.66 0.947 0.09
Chest tightness 158 −234, 550 0.424 0.12 0.22 −0.49, 0.92 0.544 0.14 0.37 −0.34, 1.07 0.304 0.11
Sore throat −111 −482, 259 0.550 0.11 −0.06 −0.73, 0.60 0.855 0.14 −0.03 −0.70, 0.64 0.926 0.09
Loss of taste/smell 380 −1, 762 0.051 0.15 0.73 0.04, 1.41 0.037 0.19 0.87 0.18, 1.56 0.014 0.16
Runny/stuffed nose 129 −254, 512 0.504 0.11 −0.07 −0.76, 0.62 0.834 0.14 −0.05 −0.74, 0.63 0.879 0.09
Body aches 406 −39, 850 0.073 0.15 0.88 0.10, 1.67 0.029 0.20 1.16 0.39, 1.94 0.004 0.19
Headaches 423 18, 828 0.041 0.16 0.89 0.17, 1.61 0.016 0.21 1.10 0.41, 1.78 0.002 0.20
Low appetite 429 49, 809 0.028 0.17 0.99 0.33, 1.66 0.004 0.23 1.08 0.41, 1.75 0.002 0.20
Nausea 328 −55, 710 0.092 0.14 0.01 −0.69, 0.71 0.981 0.14 0.34 −0.36, 1.03 0.338 0.11
Vomiting 517 −12. 1047 0.055 0.15 −0.12 −1.10, 0.85 0.799 0.14 0.16 −0.83, 1.15 0.749 0.10
Abdominal pain 110 −385, 604 0.660 0.11 0.25 −0.63, 1.14 0.571 0.14 0.63 −0.22, 1.47 0.144 0.12
Diarrhea 316 −74, 707 0.110 0.14 0.43 −0.28, 1.13 0.230 0.16 0.40 −0.31, 1.10 0.269 0.11
Moderate disease 476 −94, 1047 0.100 0.14 1.35 0.36, 2.34 0.008 0.22 1.23 0.21, 2.26 0.019 0.16
Number of symptoms 77 19, 135 0.010 0.19 0.14 0.04, 0.25 0.007 0.22 0.19 0.09, 0.29 <0.001 0.24
a

All models adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and Charlson Comorbidity Index Score