Table.
SARS-CoV-2-positive participants in the Arizona CoVHORT, 18 to 45 years old and stratified by whether they saw changes in their menstrual cycle after infection
| Characteristics | COVID-19 positive participants |
|
|---|---|---|
| SARS-CoV-2-positive participants who reported a change in their menstrual cycle after infectiona,b (n=20; 15.7%) | SARS-CoV-2-positive participants who did not report a change in their menstrual cycle after infectiona,c (n=107; 84.3%) | |
| Age (y), mean (SD) | 30.5 (8.4) | 30.6 (9.2) |
| Age, range (y) | 18–45 | 18–45 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 28.1 (7.9) | 27.0 (8.4) |
| BMI, range | 15.7–48.1 | 17.0–60.1 |
| BMI (kg/m2), n (%) | ||
| <18.5 | 1 (5.0) | 5 (4.7) |
| 18.5–24.9 | 7 (35.0) | 54 (50.5) |
| 25.0–29.9 | 6 (30.0) | 21 (19.6) |
| 30.0–39.9 | 4 (20.0) | 17 (15.9) |
| ≥40 | 2 (10.0) | 10 (9.4) |
| Race, n (%) | ||
| White | 14 (70.0) | 96 (89.7) |
| Mixed Race | 4 (20.0) | 6 (5.6) |
| Prefer not to answer | 2 (10.0) | 2 (1.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Non-Hispanic | 10 (50.0) | 77 (72.0) |
| Hispanic | 10 (50.0) | 26 (24.3) |
| Presence of a comorbid condition, n (%) | 12 (60.0) | 59 (55.1) |
| Self-rated illness severity score (baseline), mean (SD) | 5.3 (2.4) | 4.4 (2.4) |
| Self-rated illness severity score, range | 1–9 | 1–10 |
| PSS-10 (baseline)d, mean (SD) | 22.7 (7.9) | 20.7 (6.4) |
| PSS-10, range | 5–32 | 7–35 |
| Number of COVID-19 symptomse, mean (SD) | 8.6 (3.5) | 6.1 (4.1) |
| Number of symptoms, range | 0–16 | 0–17 |
| Changes in menstrual cycle, n (%) | ||
| One or more missed menstrual periods | 5 (25.0) | — |
| Infrequent menstruation (ie, menstrual periods occurring at intervals >35 d) | 7 (35.0) | — |
| Irregular menstruation (ie, the number of days your menstrual period lasts or the time between each varies significantly) | 12 (60.0) | — |
| Abnormal bleeding or spotting between normal menstrual periods | 3 (15.0) | — |
| Abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding (ie, bleeding for longer than a week, needing to use double the sanitary protection to control your menstrual flow) | 4 (20.0) | — |
| Abnormally light bleeding | 2 (10.0) | — |
| Increase in menstrual pain or cramps | 4 (20.0) | — |
| Increase in premenstrual syndrome symptoms (ie, greater than usual mood swings, feelings of anxiety or depression, tiredness, trouble sleeping, bloating or stomach pain, breast tenderness, changes in appetite or sex drive) | 9 (45.0) | — |
| Most common COVID-19 symptoms, n (%) | ||
| Fatigue | 15 (79.0) | 29 (27.1) |
| Headache | 11 (57.9) | 21 (19.6) |
| Body aches and pains | 10 (52.6) | 17 (15.9) |
| Shortness of breath | 10 (52.6) | 17 (15.9) |
BMI, body mass index; PSS-10, Perceived Stress Scale-10; SD, standard deviation.
Khan. SARS-CoV-2 infection and changes in the menstrual cycle in the Arizona CoVHORT study participants. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022.
“Have you been tested for the virus that causes COVID19 with a nasal swab, throat swab or saliva?” Or “Were you told by a medical provider that you were ‘presumed positive’ (ie, had COVID-19) even though you had a negative test result?”
Missing values or “Prefer not to answer”: self-rated severity score (n=1), PSS-10 (n=3); top reported COVID-19 symptoms (n=1)
Missing values: race (n=1), ethnicity (n=4), severity score (n=18), PSS-10 baseline (n=24)
PSS-10 frames questions “In the last month have you…”
COVID-19 symptoms associated with the illness described on the same survey on which the positive COVID-19 test was reported (select all that apply: fever, sore throat, cough, difficulty breathing or shortness of breath, chest pain or pressure, runny nose or cold-like symptoms, fatigue, aches and pains or muscle sores, chills, diarrhea (3 or more loose/looser than normal stools per 24 hour period), nausea, vomiting, headache, loss of smell/taste, bone pain or nerve pain, conjunctivitis, rash on skin, discoloration of fingers or toes, loss of speech or movement, other).