Table 1.

Different constituents of A. cepa.

Major constituents	Other constituents	References
Water		[51]
Proteins		[51, 94]
Carbohydrates	Inulin, fructooligosaccharides, isorhamnetin-4-glucoside, galactose, glucose, and mannose	[51]
Vegetal hormone lectin	Glycoquinine	[13]
Steroids	Catechol, protocatechuic acid, thiocyanate, and thiopropiono aldehyde	[51, 94, 143]
Phytoestrogens	Coumestrol, zearalenol, isoflavones, and humulone	[51, 94, 143]
Vitamins	A, B complex, C, and E	[51, 94, 143]
Minerals	Selenium, phosphorus, iron, calcium, and chromium	[51, 94, 143]
Flavonoids	Quercetin, apigenin, rutin, myricetin, kaempferol, catechin, resveratrol, epigallocatechol-3-gallate, luteolin and genistein, quercetin aglycone, quercetin diglucoside, quercetin 4-glucoside, and isorhamnetin monoglycoside or kaempferol monoglycoside	[17, 51, 94, 144]
Organosulfuric compounds	Thiosulphinates, cepaenes, cysteine, S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide, diallyl disulfide, allyl methyl sulfide, allyl propyl disulfide, gamma-L-glutamyl-trans-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine sulfoxide, S-propenyl cysteine sulfoxide, S-alk(en)yl cysteine sulfoxides, and S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide	[51, 145]
Allicin	Diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and ajoene	[13, 51, 143, 146]
Phenolic compounds	Phenolics, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, and hydroxycinnamic acid	[42, 51]
Lipophilic antioxidants	Dialkyl disulfides, aglycones, anthocyanin, saponins, and fistulosin (octadecyl 3-hydroxyindole)	[41, 62]