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. 2021 Sep 12;2021:1157023. doi: 10.1155/2021/1157023

Table 1.

Characteristics of different human TLRs.

TLR member TLR expression TLR coreceptor Gene & its location Origin TLR active form Signaling adaptors
TLR1 Cell membrane TLR2 TLR1-6-10
4p14
Nonviral TLR1-TLR2 BCAP, TIRAP, MyD88, SCIMP
TLR2 Cell membrane TLR1, 2, 6 & 10
CD14, CD36, integrin, RP105, MBL, LBP
TLR2
4q31.3
Nonviral TLR1-TLR2
TLR2-TLR2
TLR2-TLR6
TLR2-TLR10
BCAP, TIRAP, MyD88, SCIMP
TLR3 Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal membrane CD14, Mex3B TLR3
4q35.1
Viral TLR3-TLR3 SARM, SCIMP, TRIF, TICAM1
TLR4 Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal membrane MD2, LY96, CD14, CD36, LBP, RP105 TLR4
9q33.1
Nonviral TLR4/MD2-TLR4/MD2
TLR4-TLR6
BCAP, TIRAP, MyD88, SARM, SCIMP, TICAM1, TICAM2
TLR5 Cell membrane TLR5
1q41
Nonviral TLR5-TLR5 MyD88, TICAM1
TLR6 Cell membrane TLR2, CD36, LBP TLR1-6-10
4p14
Nonviral TLR2-TLR6
TLR4-TLR6
BCAP, TIRAP, MyD88, SCIMP
TLR7 Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal membrane CD14 TLR7
Xp22.2
Viral TLR7-TLR7 MyD88
TLR8 Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal membrane TLR8
Xp22.2
Viral TLR8-TLR8 MyD88
TLR9 Endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal membrane CD14 TLR9
3p21.2
Viral TLR9-TLR9 TIRAP, MyD88, SCIMP
TLR10 Cell membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomal membrane TLR1-6-10
4p14
Nonviral TLR1-TLR10
TLR2-TLR10
TLR10-TLR10
MyD88

References: Akira et al.,[29, 53]; West et al.[20]; Takeuchi and Akira, [18]; Chang, [52]; Takeda K, Akira, [31]; Gay and Gangloff, [63]; El-Zayat et al., [35, 46].