Table 3.

Characteristics of studies included.

Sr. no.	Author/year	Sample size	Study population	Intervention description		Frequency		Total time (min)		B.P measurement
				Study	Control	Study	Control
1	Thiyagarajan, et al. [18]	192	Age- 20-60 years, without known CVD, SBP 120–139 mmHg, DBP 80–89 mmHg.	DASH diet, aerobic physical activity, body weight management (BMI 18.5–24.9 Kg/m2) + yoga sessions breath-body coordination practice, joint loosening practice, asanas-talasana, ardhakati chakrasana, ardhachakrasana, uttanpadasana, ardhahalasana, pawanmuktasana, sarvangasana, makarasana, bhujangasana, dhanurasana; pranayama (pranav, chandranadi, nadi shuddhi pranayamas), relaxation- kayakriya in shavasana, and shavasana with savitri pranayama.	DASH diet + aerobic physical activity, body weight management (BMI 18.5–24.9 Kg/m2)	3 sessions/week	7 days/week	1620 (mentioned only for yoga group), not reported for control group		Automatic BP monitor
2	Vrinda hari ankolekar, [12]	102	Participants with prehypertension (AHA criteria)	Yoga session-asanas-tadasana, trikonasana, vajrasana, suptavajrasana, pawanmuktasana, bhujangasana, dhanurasana, parshwakonasana, shalabhasana, padottanasana, vakrasana, shavasana; pranayama, anulom vilom, suryabhedana, chandrabhedana, bhramari, and meditation.	Not reported	First 15 days- 60 min/day; 45 min for 6 days/week	Not reported	7380 (reported only for the study group.)		Sphygmomanometer
3	Hagins, et al. [17]	84	Age- 21–70 years, SBP between 120 and 159 mmHg, DBP 80–99 mmHg, medically stable on any current medications, BMI 18.5–40 Kg/m2	Asanas-bhujangasana, setubandasana, chakravasana, uttanasana, suryanamaskar, veerbhadrasasana, padahastasana, trikonasana, utthita-parsvakonasana, prasarita padottanasana, side stretching, janu shirshasana, shalabhasana, titli asana, shavasana. 1st month: warm up. 2nd month-suryanamaskar, 3rd month- veerbhadrasana Asanas for meditation-sukhasana, ujjayi.	Body weight exercises, stretching, therabands, equipment based.	55 min sessions for 12 weeks. 2 sessions supervised, 3 sessions unsupervised/week.	55 min sessions for 12 weeks. 2 sessions supervised, 3 sessions unsupervised/week.	3300 for both groups.		Ambulatory BP by aneroid sphygmomanommeter.
4	Hughes et al., [13]	56	Age 30–60 years, unmedicated BP, SBP 120–139 mmHg, DBP 80–89 mmHg.	MBSR-meditation, yoga exercises, body scan exercise. Yoga exercises not mentioned.	16 muscle groups to 4 muscle group relaxation and later relaxation by recall.	8 sessions of 150 min; 45 min 6 sessions/week	8 sessions of 150 min; 45 min 6 sessions/week	4320 for both groups.		Automated oscillometer BP device
5	Cohen et al., [14]	78	Age 29–69, untreated SBP 130–160 mmHg, DBP less than 100 mmHg.	IY-savasana, supta badda konasana, supta swastikasana, bharadwajasana, pavanamuktasana, adho mukkha viasana, adho mukha swastikasana, adho mukkha savasana	EUC- dietary control classes- lifestyle management classes and active BP control lectures, motivational classes.	1st 6 weeks -twice a week session (70 min), 2nd 6 weeks once a week session+ 25 min DVD based home practice	4–60 min group classes, and 2–30 min individual phone calls.	2310 for IY group+ 300 for EUC		Ambulatory BP.
6	Sieverdes, et al. [15]	31	Seventh grade students who did not have experience in formalised yoga programmes, nonhypertensive youth.	Hatha yoga-ardha chandrasana, setubandasana, utkatasana, bhujangasana, tadasana, adho mukha shwanasana, upavista konasana, uttanasana, vrikshasana, veerbhadrasana, shawasana pranayama, ujjayi.	Active group- music and art classes according to calendar.	6 weeks 2 session 90 min session, and 6 weeks 3 sessions 90 min, alternately	6 weeks 2 session 90 min session, and 6 weeks 3 sessions 90 min, alternately	2700 for both groups.		B.P monitor machine
7	Mahesh et al., [11]	88	Prehypertensive SBP 120–139 mmHg, DBP 80–89 mmHg.	Simple yogic exercise	Prescribed drugs with lifestyle modification.	120 min for 2 weeks (supervised), self-performed exercises (unsupervised- rest of the study time).	Not reported	1680 for yoga group.		Not reported
Sr. no.	Author/year	Sample size	Study population	Intervention description			Frequency			Total time (min)	B.P measurement
				Study	Control	Combo	Study	Control	Combo
8	Cohen, et al. [14]	137	Willing participants who gave voluntary written consent, age ≥18 years, SBP ≥130 mmHg but less than 160 mmHg.	Yoga group- asanas not mentioned- hatha yoga	BPEP- small group health education, walking programme, 12 nutritional classes + motivational classes.	Yoga classes, nutrition lectures, walking programme. Optional- motivational lectures and home practice	90-minute session biweekly for 1st 12 weeks. Later 12 weeks- community classes of yoga.	6 days a week, (30 min of walk/10,000 steps per day)	Yoga- 2 sessions/week, nutrition- 2 sessions/week, 30 min walking programme.	12960	Ambulatory B.P measurement (machine)

CVD: cardiovascular disease, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, DASH: dietary approaches to stop hypertension, BMI: body mass index, AHA: American Heart Association, EUC: enhanced usual care, SBP: systolic blood pressure, DBP: diastolic blood pressure, and BPEP: blood pressure education programme.