Table 3.
Cardiorespiratory parameters among each condition and at different time points.
| p-value |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiorespiratory parameters | NM | SM | CM | Time | Mask | Time x Mask |
| RR (bpm) | ||||||
| 1-min Pre 1STST | 20.9 ± 4.5 | 21.9 ± 7.8 | 21.1 ± 4.6 | < 0.001 | 0.31 | 0.56 |
| 1-min 1STST | 47.9 ± 11.1 | 50.1 ± 8.0 | 51.2 ± 11.2 | |||
| 1-min Post 1STST | 23.0 ± 5.2 | 23.4 ± 6.8 | 23.0 ± 5.7 | |||
| SpO2(%) | ||||||
| T0 | 98 [98–98] | 98 [98–98] | 98 [98–98] | 0.97a | NA | NA |
| T2 | 98 [97–98] | 98 [97–98] | 97 [97–98] | |||
| T3 | 98 [97–98] | 98 [97–98] | 98 [97–98] | |||
| HR (bpm) | ||||||
| T0 | 78.7 ± 13.4 | 78.3 ± 12.3 | 75.6 ± 12.2 | < 0.001 | 0.51 | 0.87 |
| T2 | 103.7 ± 16.5 | 103.3 ± 15.6 | 100.4 ± 13.7 | |||
| T3 |
92.7 ± 15.2 |
92.3 ± 15.6 |
91.2 ± 16.1 |
|||
| Subjective sensations |
||||||
| Humidity | ||||||
| T0 | 2.6 ± 1.9 | 2.3 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 | 0.94 | 0.23 | |
| T1 | 4.1 ± 1.5 | 4.3 ± 1.7 | ||||
| Heat | ||||||
| T0 | 3.1 ± 1.8 | 3.2 ± 2.1 | < 0.001 | 0.52 | 0.63 | |
| T1 | 4.6 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 2.3 | ||||
| Resistance | ||||||
| T0 | 1.8 ± 1.5 | 2.5 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | 0.04 | 0.63 | |
| T1 | 3.1 ± 1.6 | 3.9 ± 1.9 | ||||
| Fatigue | ||||||
| T0 | 1.7 ± 1.4 | 1.8 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 | 0.42 | 0.54 | |
| T1 | 3.6 ± 1.8 | 4.2 ± 2.5 | ||||
| Overall discomfort | ||||||
| T0 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 2.9 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 | 0.98 | 0.89 | |
| T1 | 4.2 ± 2.5 | 4.2 ± 2.1 | ||||
Data are presented as mean ± SD or median [interquartile range].
Abbreviations: bpm; breathes or beats per minute; CM, cloth facemask; HR, hearth rate; NM, no facemask; RR, respiratory rate; SM, surgical facemask; SpO2, pulsed oxygen saturation.
Default statistical analysis were two-way repeated measures ANOVA in this table.
a
Indicates that the Friedman test was realized because of violation of assumptions to run a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.