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. 2021 Sep 20;11:18584. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-98146-x

Table 3.

Correlations between flicker fusion performance and reading improvement scores.

Baseline 5% FFT (T1) Baseline 75% FFT (T1) Reading accuracy improvement Reading rate improvement Reading comp improvement Rapid naming improvement 5% FFT improvement 75% FFT improvement
Baseline 5% FFT (T1) .593**  − .250*  − .049 .006 .008  − .650**  − .171
Baseline 75% FFT (T1)  − .208  − .102  − .036 .111  − .294*  − .617**
Reading accuracy Improvement .345** .233  − .180 .357** .089
Reading rate improvement .385**  − .285*  − .065 .122
Reading comp improvement  − .390**  − .092 .169
Rapid naming improvement  − .037  − .186
5% FFT improvement .200
75% FFT improvement

According to Cohen’s guidelines, r ≥ 0.10, r ≥ 0.30, and r ≥ 0.50, represent small, medium, and large effect sizes, respectively; Improvements scores were calculated as post-training score (T2) minus baseline (T1) score.

FFT Flicker Fusion Threshold (Hz).

*p < .05, ** p < .01.