Table 2.
Comparisons of incidence densities and hazard ratios of dyspepsia in exposed and control cohorts.
| Control | Apnea subgroup | Crude HR (95% CI) |
Adjusted HR† | Non-apnea subgroup | Crude HR (95% CI) | Adjusted HR† | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Rate# | Case | Rate# | (95% CI) | Case | Rate# | (95% CI) | |||
| All | 5919 | 6.73 | 175 | 18.9 | 2.80 (2.41,3.26) | 3.31 (2.82, 3.89) | 8532 | 21.0 | 3.08 (2.98,9.18) | 3.98 (3.83,4.14) |
| Age | ||||||||||
| ≤ 34 | 589 | 4.04 | 24 | 14.2 | 3.50 (2.33, 5.26) | 3.72 (2.38, 5.80) | 1201 | 17.3 | 4.24 (3.84, 4.68) | 5.35 (4.76, 6.02) |
| 35–49 | 1560 | 5.08 | 62 | 16.7 | 3.25 (2.52, 4.19) | 3.27 (2.46, 4.34) | 2638 | 19.1 | 3.71 (3.48, 3.95) | 4.82 (4.47, 5.20) |
| 50–64 | 1891 | 7.54 | 47 | 18.6 | 2.43 (1.82,3.25) | 2.45 (1.80,3.33) | 2375 | 21.0 | 2.74 (2.58,2.91) | 3.68 (3.42,3.96) |
| > 64 | 1879 | 10.7 | 42 | 32.3 | 3.04 (2.24,4.13) | 4.01 (2.90,5.54) | 2318 | 27.1 | 2.52 (2.37,2.68) | 3.36 (3.12,3.61) |
| Gender | ||||||||||
| Women | 3889 | 6.89 | 81 | 23.3 | 3.35 (2.69,4.18) | 3.77 (2.98,4.76) | 5534 | 20.9 | 3.00 (2.88,3.13) | 3.99 (3.80,4.19) |
| Men | 2030 | 6.44 | 94 | 16.3 | 2.54 (2.06,3.12) | 3.14 (2.51, 3.93) | 2998 | 21.2 | 3.23 (3.05,3.41) | 3.99 (3.73,4.27) |
| Comorbidity‡ | ||||||||||
| None | 2890 | 4.88 | 47 | 14.9 | 3.05 (2.29,4.07) | 4.09 (3.04,5.50) | 2353 | 15.8 | 3.23 (3.06,3.41) | 4.52 (4.24,4.83) |
| Diabetes | 311 | 9.65 | 18 | 32.0 | 3.37 (2.09, 5.42) | 4.53 (2.67, 7.67) | 610 | 23.5 | 2.48 (2.16, 2.84) | 3.67 (3.14, 4.28) |
| Hypertension | 1839 | 10.2 | 85 | 23.7 | 2.34 (1.88, 2.90) | 3.59 (2.84, 4.54) | 3535 | 23.9 | 2.34 (2.21, 2.48) | 3.59 (3.37, 3.83) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 895 | 10.5 | 52 | 21.8 | 2.08 (1.58, 2.76) | 2.79 (2.05, 3.80) | 2056 | 25.3 | 2.40 (2.22, 2.59) | 3.77 (3.44, 4.11) |
| Anxiety | 47 | 11.3 | 14 | 34.5 | 3.05 (1.68, 5.55) | 7.19 (3.12, 16.6) | 564 | 27.9 | 2.46 (1.83, 3.31) | 4.15 (3.04, 5.65) |
| Depression | 61 | 14.9 | 10 | 17.8 | 1.18 (0.60, 2.33) | 1.72 (0.76, 3.90) | 633 | 25.2 | 1.76 (1.35, 2.29) | 2.73 (2.08, 3.61) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 828 | 14.1 | 40 | 23.2 | 1.67 (1.22, 2.30) | 2.67 (1.89, 3.77) | 2239 | 30.0 | 2.12 (1.96, 2.30) | 3.35 (3.06, 3.67) |
| Stroke | 159 | 11.8 | 6 | 25.9 | 2.44 (1.08, 5.51) | 2.96 (1.24, 7.08) | 269 | 23.3 | 2.96 (1.24, 7.08) | 2.85 (2.28, 3.55) |
| Ischemic heart disease | 843 | 12.7 | 46 | 22.9 | 1.85 (1.37, 2.49) | 2.78 (2.02, 3.83) | 2186 | 28.6 | 2.27 (2.09, 2.45) | 3.50 (3.20, 3.82) |
| Obesity | 24 | 9.21 | 3 | 15.2 | 1.63 (0.49, 5.41) | 2.11 (0.42, 10.6) | 48 | 17.5 | 1.88 (1.15, 3.06) | 3.06 (1.70, 5.51) |
| Irritable bowel syndrome | 132 | 18.0 | 8 | 35.1 | 2.01 (0.99, 4.11) | 4.19 (1.72, 10.2) | 511 | 38.1 | 2.10 (1.74, 2.54) | 3.21 (2.60, 3.96) |
| Cholecystitis | 9 | 12.2 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | 30 | 32.0 | 2.65 (1.26, 2.57) | 7.23 (2.62, 20.0) |
| Cholelithiasis and other disorders of biliary tract | 103 | 15.6 | 9 | 60.9 | 3.76 (1.90, 7.44) | 7.02 (2.82, 17.5) | 223 | 29.0 | 1.87 (1.48, 2.36) | 2.99 (2.26, 3.98) |
| Alcoholism | 41 | 9.00 | 7 | 31.3 | 3.49 (1.57, 7.78) | 3.27 (1.07, 9.94) | 187 | 21.7 | 2.41 (1.72, 3.38) | 4.29 (2.92, 6.30) |
| Heart failure | 95 | 14.6 | 4 | 20.5 | 1.49 (0.55, 4.05) | 2.35 (0.79, 6.96) | 222 | 32.4 | 2.30 (1.81, 2.92) | 3.53 (2.72, 4.58) |
| Atrial fibrillation | 19 | 9.08 | 0 | 0.00 | – | – | 44 | 26.4 | 2.93 (1.71, 5.03) | 3.83 (2.07, 7.10) |
| Chronic kidney disease | 448 | 14.5 | 21 | 24.2 | 1.71 (1.11, 2.66) | 2.85 (1.77, 4.59) | 921 | 29.2 | 2.05 (1.83, 2.29) | 3.14 (2.77, 3.57) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases | 372 | 12.7 | 21 | 19.9 | 1.63 (1.05, 2.53) | 2.76 (1.71, 4.45) | 1033 | 30.8 | 2.46 (2.18, 2.77) | 3.91 (3.43, 4.46) |
| Asthma | 217 | 13.4 | 12 | 18.0 | 1.37 (0.77, 2.45) | 2.32 (1.24, 4.34) | 605 | 29.8 | 2.24 (1.92, 2.62) | 3.66 (3.08, 4.35) |
| Fatigue | 109 | 2.16 | 7 | 7.02 | 3.35 (1.56, 7.20) | 5.11 (2.14, 12.2) | 280 | 5.46 | 2.56 (2.05, 3.20) | 2.54 (1.92, 3.35) |
| Benzodiazepine | ||||||||||
| No | 1357 | 5.62 | 3 | 6.01 | 1.09 (0.35, 3.38) | 1.12 (0.36, 3.50) | 279 | 32.5 | 5.66 (4.98, 6.44) | 6.68 (5.83, 7.66) |
| Yes | 4562 | 7.15 | 172 | 19.7 | 2.74 (2.35, 3.19) | 3.43 (2.91, 4.04) | 8253 | 20.8 | 2.87 (2.77, 2.97) | 3.86 (3.70, 4.02) |
| Zolpidem | ||||||||||
| No | 5561 | 7.03 | 89 | 25.0 | 3.52 (2.86, 4.34) | 3.29 (2.66, 4.07) | 4908 | 35.9 | 4.90 (4.72, 5.10) | 4.00 (3.83, 4.17) |
| Yes | 358 | 4.04 | 86 | 15.1 | 3.71 (2.94, 4.70) | 3.58 (2.77, 4.62) | 3624 | 13.5 | 3.33 (2.99, 3.71) | 3.01 (2.69, 3.37) |
Rate#, incidence rate, per 1,000 person-years; Crude HR*, relative hazard ratio, per 10,000 person-years; Adjusted HR†:models including age, sex, comorbidities, and medications.
For all significance: p < 0.001.