Table 1.

Characteristics of participants.

	First cohort		Second cohort
	Healthy control	PD	Healthy control	PD
Number	15	15	50	50
Female:male	9:6	9:6	0:50	0:50
Age (mean ± SD)	62.2 ± 11.8	61.7 ± 11.4	66.8 ± 9.08	64.2 ± 10.6
H&Y (cases)	(NA)	I (12), II (3)	(NA)	0 (2), I (20), II (28)
H&Y (mean ± SD)	(NA)	1.20 ± 0.400	(NA)	1.52 ± 0.574
Duration (year, mean ± SD)	(NA)	0.867 ± 0.562	(NA)	5.42 ± 4.27
De novo patients (cases)	(NA)	15	(NA)	8

NA not available, SD standard deviation.