Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| CU– | MCI– | CU+ | MCI+ | Dementia | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Preclinical AD) | (Prodromal AD) | ||||
| N | 185 | 164 | 66 | 254 | 98 |
| Age, mean ± SD, years | 72.34 ± 5.99 | 69.67 ± 7.63 | 74.17 ± 6.32 | 72.57 ± 6.99 | 74.70 ± 7.74 |
| Female, n (%) | 98 (53) | 79 (48.2) | 38 (57.6) | 113 (44.5) | 38 (38.77) |
| Education, mean ± SD, years | 16.79 ± 2.58 | 16.28 ± 2.44 | 16.12 ± 2.44 | 16.28 ± 2.71 | 15.69 ± 2.64 |
| APOE ε4 carriers, n (%) | 43 (23.20) | 36 (22) | 30 (45.50) | 165 (65) | 69 (70.41) |
| Cognitive scores, mean ± SD | |||||
| MMSE | 29.06 ± 1.23 | 28.55 ± 1.44 | 28.94 ± 1.24 | 27.8 ± 1.77 | 23.07 ± 2.03 |
| MOCA | 25.93 ± 2.33 | 24.03 ± 3.14 | 25.35 ± 2.29 | 23.11 ± 3.07 | 17.41 ± 4.44 |
| ADNI_EF | 0.96 ± 0.83 | 0.63 ± 0.78 | 0.69 ± 0.81 | 0.27 ± 0.91 | −0.84 ± 0.92 |
| ADNI_Mem | 1.09 ± 0.56 | 0.65 ± 0.64 | 0.99 ± 0.66 | 0.20 ± 0.65 | −0.90 ± 0.50 |
| ADNI_Lan | 0.84 ± 0.66 | 0.53 ± 0.72 | 0.85 ± 0.72 | 0.28 ± 0.74 | −0.71 ± 0.96 |
| ADNI_VS | 0.22 ± 0.60 | 0.10 ± 0.68 | 0.17 ± 0.57 | −0.05 ± 0.73 | −0.47 ± 0.94 |
| Neuroimaging, mean ± SD | |||||
| WMH volume, cm3 | 4.66 ± 6.11 | 5.21 ± 7.03 | 10.07 ± 17.66 | 8.12 ± 9.88 | 8.45 ± 8.85 |
| AV45 PET, SUVR | 1.06 ± 0.14 | 1.01 ± 0.05 | 1.26 ± 0.19 | 1.35 ± 0.19 | 1.41 ± 0.20 |
| Hippocampal volume, cm3 | 6.71 ± 0.78 | 6.58 ± 0.92 | 6.67 ± 0.72 | 6.26 ± 0.87 | 5.56 ± 0.84 |
| Plasma biomarker, mean ± SD (pg/ml) | |||||
| P-tau 181 | 13.64 ± 7.33 | 12.58 ± 7.08 | 16.56 ± 8.94 | 19.77 ± 9.03 | 22.80 ± 7.71 |
| CSF biomarkers, mean ± SD (pg/ml) | |||||
| Aβ1-42 | 1,560.65 ± 610.72 | 1,607.33 ± 512.28 | 904.41 ± 549.16 | 770.03 ± 308.75 | 694.78 ± 474.11 |
| T-tau | 224.47 ± 78.97 | 212.62 ± 75.88 | 257.80 ± 114.81 | 315.08 ± 139.71 | 383.46 ± 157.63 |
| P-tau | 20.15 ± 7.83 | 18.60 ± 7.15 | 24.97 ± 11.94 | 31.27 ± 15.54 | 38.03 ± 16.16 |
| T-tau/Aβ1–42 | 0.17 ± 0.11 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.35 ± 0.2 | 0.46 ± 0.26 | 0.67 ± 0.37 |
| P-tau/Aβ1–42 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.01 ± 0 | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.05 ± 0.03 | 0.07 ± 0.04 |
CU, cognitively unimpaired; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; –, with negative Aβ; +, with positive Aβ; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MOCA, Montreal cognitive assessment; ADNI_EF, executive domain composite score; ADNI_Mem, memory domain composite score; ADNI_Lan, language-related composite score; ADNI_VS, visuospatial domain composite score; WMH, white matter hyperintensity; FDG-PET, F18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography; AV45 PET, florbetapir PET (amyloid protein imaging); SUVR, standardized uptake value ratio; P-tau, phosphorylated tau protein; Aβ, amyloid-β; T-tau, total tau protein.