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. 2021 Sep 7;13:721428. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.721428

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Copyright © 2021 Zhou, Chen, Wang, Lenahan, Lian, Ou and He.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic diagram of mitochondrial dynamics. Mitochondrial fission is the division of mitochondria into two smaller mitochondria, and the dynamin-related GTPase Drp1 plays a crucial role in this process. Drp1 was recruited through four single-way transmembrane Drp1 receptors anchored on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM): mitochondrial fission factors (Mff), mitochondrial kinetic proteins 49 and 51(MiD49 and MiD51), and Fis1. Mitochondrial fusion refers to the merging of two mitochondria into one. Mitofusin1 (Mfn1) and mitofusin2 (Mfn2) mediate mitochondrial outer membrane fusion, and optic atrophy protein 1 (Opa1) mediates the fusion of mitochondrial inner membrane.