Table 2.

Descriptions of the included studies in the present review.

References	Data collection time	Study design	Sample size	Country	Specific group and mean age	Being COVID-19 infected or suspected	Assessment tool	Outcome(s)
Andrade et al. (32)	May 12 to 24, 2020	Cross-sectional	1,743	Brazil	General people; 30.61 ± 8.68 years	11 were COVID-19 infected, 96 were suspected of having the COVID-19 infection	Brazilian Fear of COVID-19 Scale	Fear of COVID-19 infection scores were lower in males with occupational risk of contamination, whereas females and younger individuals were at greater risk of fear of COVID-19
Bakioǧlu et al. (33)	March to April 2020	Cross-sectional	960	Turkey	General people; 29.74 ± 9.64 years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected or under quarantine is not specified	Turkish Fear of COVID-19 Scale	Fear of COVID-19 infection scores were higher in participants being women and having chronic illnesses; fear of COVID-19 was correlated with intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress
Bäuerle et al. (34)	March 10 to May 5, 2020	Cross-sectional	15,037	Germany	General people; ≥18 years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected or under quarantine is not specified	Self-developed single item (response 1 to 7)	Fear of COVID-19 infection scores were lower in males, whereas younger individuals were at greater risk of having a fear of COVID-19
Broche-Pérez et al. (35)	April 4 to May 27 2020	Cross-sectional	772	Cuba	General people; 36 ± 14.61 years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected is not specified, but participants were not under quarantine	Spanish (Cuban) Fear of COVID-19 Scale	Fear of COVID-19 infection scores were more severe in female genders
Doshi et al. (18)	April 25 to 26, 2020	Cross-sectional	1,499	India	General people; 20–60+ years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected or under quarantine is not specified	Fear of COVID-19 Scale	Females, married status, lower educational status, and being a health care worker had higher levels of fear of COVID-19 infection
Fitzpatrick et al. (36)	March 23 to 30, 2020	Cross-sectional	10,368	US	General people; ≥18 years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected or under quarantine is not specified	Self-developed single item (response 0 to 10)	Women, Hispanics, Asians, families with children under 18, and foreign-born participants had higher levels of subjective fear and worry related to COVID-19
Haddad et al. (37)	April 3 to 18, 2020	Cross-sectional	407	Lebanon	General people; 30.59 ± 10.10 years	Details of whether covid-19 infected is not specified, but participants were either quarantined or confined	Self-developed single item (response 1 to 5)	Fear and anxiety were more and more than half of the participants were abiding by home quarantine/confinement.
Islam et al. (38)	May 5 to 15, 2020	Cross-sectional	340	Bangladesh	General people; 26.23 ± 6.39 years	Details of whether covid-19 infected or under quarantine are not specified.	Self-developed single item (response 1 to 6)	Fear of COVID-19 infection (i.e., self and/or family member(s), and/or relatives), hampering scheduled study plan and future career, and financial difficulties leading to human stress.
Jaspal et al. (39)	Not reported	Cross-sectional	411	UK	General people; 48.85 ± 15.38 years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected is not specified, but participants 10% were under quarantine	Fear of COVID-19 Scale	Muslims demonstrated higher levels of fear than Christians
Li et al. (40)	December 2019 to April 2020	Longitudinal	555	China	College students; 19.6 ± 3.4 years	Details of whether COVID-19 infected is not specified, but participants were confined due to lockdown	Self-developed single item (response 0 to 10)	Gender, negative mood, depression, anxiety, etc. were correlated with fear of COVID-19 infection
Mertens et al. (3)	Not reported	Cross-sectional	439	Global	General people; 26.0 ± 11.7 years	Participants were not infected with covid-19, but details about being quarantined are not specified	Fear of the Coronavirus Questionnaire	Male gender, health anxiety, the risk for loved ones, and looking up additional information (i.e., through regular media and social media) were independent predictors for fear of COVID-19
Nicomedes and Avila (19)	Not reported	Mixed method cross-sectional	538	Philippines	General people; 23.82 (range 13–67) years	Participants were exposed to COVID-19 infection, but details related to quarantine are not specified	Self-developed qualitative item	Fear of COVID-19 infection was one of the themes identified in this qualitative study
Saurabh and Ranjan (41)	Not reported	Comparative cross-sectional (with 131 non-quarantined)	121	India	Children and Adolescents; 9–18 years	Participants were in primary contact with COVID-19 infected person and were under quarantine just before the study	Self-developed items	Quarantined children and adolescents experienced greater psychological distresses (e.g., worry, helplessness, fear related to COVID-19) than non-quarantined
Šljivo et al. (42)	April 7 to 12, 2020	Cross-sectional	1,201	Bosnia and Herzegovina	General people; 30.57 ± 11.26 years	Participants were not covid-19 infected, and details related to quarantine are not specified	Fear of COVID-19 Scale	Being older, female, living in an urban area, having moderate to severe depressive symptoms were significant independent predictors for developing a fear of COVID-19