Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Surg. 2021 Jun 15;222(4):670–676. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.06.004

Table 1.

Qualifying characteristics of patients who participated or whose family members participated in interviews

Characteristic Total (%)
N=20
Study Arm
 Control 8 (40)
 Intervention 12 (60)
Age: mean (range) 71(60–86)
Gender
 Male 13 (65)
Race
 White or Caucasian 18 (90)
 Black or African American 1 (5)
 Asian 1 (5)
 Other 0
Surgical Indication
 Cardiac 2 (10)
 Colorectal 3 (15)
 Hepatobiliary 6 (30)
 Neurosurgical 1 (5)
 Thoracic 7 (35)
 Otolaryngology 1 (5)
Charlson Comorbidity Score: mean (sd) 5.5 (2.2)
Complications a
 Cardiovascular 10
 Pulmonary 14
 Infectious 4
 Hemorrhage 5
 Renal 6
 Death 2
Prolonged length of Stay b
 Hospitalization 12
 ICU care 5

sd: standard deviation

a

Cardiovascular: Myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, heart failure, arrythmia, pericardial effusion requiring intervention

Pulmonary: Pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, unplanned intubation, respiratory failure, prolonged mechanical ventilation, pleural effusion requiring intervention

Infectious: septic shock, surgical site infection

Hemorrhage: Postoperative bleeding requiring intervention

Renal: Acute renal failure requiring dialysis, renal insufficiency, urinary tract infection

b

Prolonged hospitalization defined as LOS > 8 days postoperatively. Prolonged ICU care defined as LOS in intensive care > 3 days postoperatively.