HMGB1 translocation following neuropathic injury is upregulated in a sex and genotype dependent manner in small diameter nociceptors and is mediated by TLR4. A, Female sham (mixed genotypes), WT, Nav1.8TLR4LoxTB, and TLR4LoxTB lumbar (L3–5) DRGs were immunostained 3D post SNI with DAPI (teal), Nav1.8 (green), HGMB1 (red) and NF200 (blue; representative images from n=4 mice). White arrows point to an example of nuclear or cytosolic localization of HMGB1. B, Male sham (mixed genotypes), WT, Nav1.8TLR4LoxTB, and TLR4LoxTB lumbar (L3–5) DRGs were immunostained 3D post SNI with DAPI (teal), Nav1.8 (green), HGMB1 (red) and NF200 (blue; representative images from n=4 mice). White arrows point to an example of nuclear or cytosolic localization of HMGB1. C, Quantification of cytosolic localization of HMGB1 in Nav1.8+ neurons of both sexes (n=4 per group). D, Quantification of cytosolic localization of HMGB1 in NF200+ neurons of both sexes (n=4 per group). Scale bar: 20 μm. Magnification: 40x. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001. ns = not significant.