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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Contemp Clin Trials. 2021 Jul 24;108:106516. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106516

Appendix Table A.

Physical Performance measures and assessment criteria

Performance Test Methods Evaluation Criteria
Hand grip strength (kg) The maximum strength (kg) of dominant hand using a Jamar dynamometer will be recorded. Two trials. Clinically meaningful weakness will defined as a grip strength <30kg in men and <20kg in women113. Meeting low strength cutpoint in either trial indicates eligibility.
Timed Up and Go Test (“TUG”)114, 115 stands up from a chair, walks 3 meters, turns, walks back (usual pace), and sits down Two trials, average of 2 trials reported 13.5 seconds indicate greater risk for falls116
Lower leg-muscle strength and endurance Isokinetic knee extensor and flexor strength and endurance will be evaluated on the right leg, at an angular velocity of 60°/s using a Biodex System 4 dynamometer (Shirley, NY); endurance (total muscular work) tested with 30 repetitions at maximal effort at 180°/s. Best of the 5 maximal voluntary efforts per test will be reported as peak torque at 60° in Newton meter (Nm) units
6 meter Gait Speed* (meters/second) Participant instructed to walk over 6-meter course at the usual pace, which will be timed One trial. Mobility impairment is defined as gait speed ≤0.8 m/s113
*Standing balance maintain their feet side-by-side, semi-tandem and tandem; 10 seconds each 10 seconds each timing stops when feet move, participant grasps the interviewer for support, or end of 10 sec elapsed
*Chair stands: participants stand, arms folded across the chest from a straightbacked, non-padded chair, and perform five complete sit to stand tests as fast as they can. Two trials, >15 seconds to complete 5 chair stands indicates severe sarcopenia; inability to complete five repetitions without assistance or use of upper extremity support indicates failure of the test
*

Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), composite score of standing balance, chair stands and gait speed, performance tests are scored between 0 and 4, and a summary score ranging from 0 to 12 is computed. Scores approaching 12 reflect higher levels of physical functioning39